Binding agents which inhibit myostatin

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides binding agents comprising peptides capable of binding myostatin and inhibiting its activity. In one embodiment the binding agent comprises at least one myostatin-binding peptide attached directly or indirectly to at least one vehicle such as a polymer or an Fc domain. The binding agents of the present invention produced increased lean muscle mass when administered to animals and decreased fat to muscle ratios. Therepeutic compositions containing the binding agents of the present invention are useful for treating muscle-wasting disorders and other metabolic disorders including diabetes and obesity.

[0001] This application hereby claims benefit of U.S. provisional application serial No. 60/435,923, filed Dec. 20, 2002, the entire disclosure of which is relied upon and incorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The invention relates to growth factors and in particular to the growth factor myostatin and agents which bind myostatin and inhibit its activity.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Myostatin, also known as growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family member known to be involved in regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Most members of the TGF-β-GDF family are expressed non-specifically in many tissue types and exert a variety of pleitrophic actions. However, myostatin is largely expressed in the cells of developing and adult skeletal muscle tissue and plays an essential role in negatively controlling skeletal muscle growth (McPherron et al. Nature (London) 387, 83-90 (1997)). Recent studies, however, indicate that low levels of myostatin expression can be measured in cardiac, adipose and pre-adipose tissues.

[0004] The myostatin protein has been highly conserved evolutionarily (McPherron et al. PNAS USA 94:12457-12461 (1997)). The biologically active C-terminal region of myostatin has 100 percent sequence identity between human, mouse, rat, cow, chicken, and turkey sequences. The function of myostatin also appears to be conserved across species as well. This is evident from the phenotypes of animals having a mutation in the myostatin gene. Two breeds of cattle, the Belgian Blue (Hanset R., Muscle Hypertrophy of Genetic Origin and its Use to Improve Beef Production, eds, King, J. W. G. & Menissier, F. (Nijhoff, The Hague, The Netherlands) pp. 437-449) and the Piedmontese (Masoero, G. & Poujardieu, B, Muscle Hypertrophy of Genetic Origin and its Use to Improve Beef Production., eds, King, J. W. G. & Menissier, F. (Nijhoff, The Hague, The Netherlands) pp. 450-459) are characterized by a “double muscling” phenotype and increase in muscle mass. These breeds were shown to contain mutations in the coding region of the myostatin gene (McPherron et al.(1997) supra). In addition, mice containing a targeted deletion of the gene encoding myostatin (Mstn) demonstrate a dramatic increase in muscle mass without a corresponding increase in fat. Individual muscles of Mstn^(−/−) mice weigh approximately 100 to 200 percent more than those of control animals as a result of muscle fiber hypertrophy and hyperplasia (Zimmers et al. Science 296, 1486 (2002)).

[0005] Administration of myostatin to certain strains of mice has been shown to create a condition similar to muscle wasting disorders found associated with cancer, AIDS, and muscular dystrophy, for example. Myostatin administered as myostatin-producing CHO cells to athymic nude mice resulted in a wasting effect with a high degree of weight loss, a decrease of as much as 50% of skeletal muscle mass in addition to fat wasting, and severe hypoglycemia (Zimmers et al. supra).

[0006] Loss of myostatin appears to result in the retention of muscle mass and reduction in fat accumulation with aging. It has been shown that age-related increases in adipose tissue mass and decrease in muscle mass were proportional to myostatin levels, as determined by a comparison of fat and muscle mass in Mstn^(+/+) when compared with Mstn^(−/−) adult knockout mice (McFerron et al. J. Clin. Invest 109, 595 (2002)). Mstn^(−/−) mice showed decreased fat accumulation with age compared with Mstn^(+/+) mice.

[0007] In addition myostatin may play a role in maintaining blood glucose levels and may influence the development of diabetes in certain cases. It is known that, for example, skeletal muscle resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is the earliest known manifestation of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (Corregan et al. Endocrinology 128:1682 (1991)). It has now been shown that the lack of myostatin partially attenuates the obese and diabetes phenotypes of two mouse models, the agouti lethal yellow (A^(y)) (Yen et al. FASEB J. 8:479 (1994)), and obese (Lep^(ob/ob)). Fat accumulation and total body weight of the A^(y/a), Mstn^(−/−) double mutant mouse was dramatically reduced compared with the A^(y/a) Mstn^(+/+) mouse (McFerron et al., (2002) supra). In addition, blood glucose levels in the A^(y/a), Mstn^(−/−) mice was dramatically lower than in A^(y/a) Mstn^(+/+) mice following exogenous glucose load, indicating that the lack of myostatin improved glucose metabolism. Similarly Lep^(ob/ob) Mstn^(−/−) mice showed decreased fat accumulation when compared with the Lep^(ob/ob) Mstn^(+/+) phenotype.

[0008] Therefore, there is considerable evidence from the phenotypes of over-expressing and knockout animals that myostatin may play a role in contributing to a number of metabolic disorders including disorders resulting in muscle wasting, diabetes, obesity and hyperglycemia.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention is directed to binding agents which bind myostatin and inhibit its activity. The binding agents comprise at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin. The myostatin-binding peptides are preferably between about 5 and about 50 amino acids in length, more preferably between about 10 and 30 amino acids in length, and most preferably between about 10 and 25 amino acids in length. In one embodiment the myostatin-binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 633). In another embodiment the myostatin binding peptides comprise the amino acid sequence Ca₁a₂Wa₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 352), wherein a₁, a₂ and a₃ are selected from a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid. In another embodiment the myostatin binding peptide comprises the sequence Cb₁b₂Wb₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 353), wherein b₁ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R; b₂ is selected from any one of R, S, Q; b₃ is selected from any one of P, R and Q, and wherein the peptide is between 10 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof. In another embodiment, the myostatin binding peptide comprises the formula:

c₁c₂c₃c₄c₅c₆Cc₇c₈Wc₉ WMCPPc₁₀c₁₁c₁₂c₁₃   (SEQ ID NO: 354),

[0010] wherein:

[0011] c₁ is absent or any amino acid;

[0012] c₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0013] c₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0014] c₄ is absent or any amino acid;

[0015] c₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0016] c₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0017] c₇ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0018] c₈ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0019] c₉ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar or basic amino acid; and

[0020] c₁₀ to c₁₃ is any amino acid; and wherein the peptide is between 20 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0021] A related embodiment the myostatin binding peptide comprises the formula:

d₁d₂d₃d₄d₅d₆Cd₇d₈Wd₉ WMCPPd ₁₀d₁₁d₁₂d₁₃   (SEQ ID NO: 355),

[0022] wherein:

[0023] d₁ is absent or any amino acid;

[0024] d₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0025] d₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0026] d₄ is absent or any amino acid;

[0027] d₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0028] d₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0029] d₇ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R;

[0030] d₈ is selected from any one of R, S, Q;

[0031] d₉ is selected from any one of P, R and Q, and

[0032] d₁₀ to d₁₃ is selected from any amino acid,

[0033] and wherein the peptide is between 20 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0034] Additional embodiments of binding agents comprise at least one of the following peptides:

[0035] (1) a peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence

WYe₁e₂Ye₃G,   (SEQ ID NO: 356)

[0036] wherein e₁ is P, S or Y,

[0037] e₂ is C or Q, and

[0038] e₃ is G or H, wherein the peptide is between 7 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof;

[0039] (2) a peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence

f₁EMLf₂SLf₃f₄LL,   (SEQ ID NO: 455),

[0040] wherein f₁ is M or I,

[0041] f₂ is any amino acid,

[0042] f₃ is L or F,

[0043] f₄ is E, Q or D;

[0044] and wherein the peptide is between 7 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof;

[0045] (3) a peptide capable of binding myostatin wherein the peptide comprises the sequence

Lg₁g₂LLg₃g₄L,   (SEQ ID NO: 456),

[0046] wherein

[0047] g₁ is Q, D or E,

[0048] g₂ is S, Q, D or E,

[0049] g₃ is any amino acid,

[0050] g₄ is L, W, F, or Y, and wherein the peptide is between 8 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof;

[0051] (4) a peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence

h₁h₂h₃h₄h₅h₆h₇h₈h₉   (SEQ ID NO: 457),

[0052] wherein

[0053] h₁ is R or D,

[0054] h₂ is any amino acid,

[0055] h₃ is A, T S or Q,

[0056] h₄ is L or M,

[0057] h₅ is L or S,

[0058] h₆ is any amino acid,

[0059] h₇ is F or E,

[0060] h₈ is W, F or C,

[0061] h₉ is L, F, M or K, and wherein the peptide is between 9 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0062] In one embodiment, the binding agents of the present invention further comprise at least one vehicle such as a polymer or an Fc domain, and may further comprise at least one linker sequence. In this embodiment, the binding agents of the present invention are constructed so that at least one myostatin-binding peptide is attached to at least one vehicle. The peptide or peptides are attached directly or indirectly through a linker sequence, to the vehicle at the N-terminal, C-terminal or an amino acid sidechain of the peptide. In this embodiment, the binding agents of the present invention have the following generalized structure:

(X¹)_(a)—F¹—(X²)_(b), or multimers thereof;

[0063] wherein F¹ is a vehicle; and X¹ and X² are each independently selected from

-(L¹)_(c)-P¹;

-(L¹)_(C)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²;

-(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³;

and -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³-(L⁴)_(f)-P⁴;

[0064] wherein P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ are peptides capable of binding myostatin; and

[0065] L¹, L², L³, and L⁴ are each linkers; and a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently 0 or 1, provided that at least one of a and b is 1, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0066] In various embodiments of binding agents having this generalized structure, the peptides P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ can be independently selected from one or more of any of the peptides comprising the sequences provided above. P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ are independently selected from one or more peptides comprising any of the following sequences: SEQ ID NO: 633, SEQ ID NO: 352, SEQ ID NO: 353, SEQ ID NO: 354, SEQ ID NO: 355, SEQ ID NO: 356, SEQ ID NO: 455, SEQ ID NO: 456, or SEQ ID NO: 457.

[0067] In a further embodiment, the binding agents comprise peptides fused to an Fc domain, either directly or indirectly, thereby providing peptibodies. The peptibodies of the present invention display a high binding affinity for myostatin and can inhibit the activity of myostatin as demonstrated both in vitro using cell based assays and in animals.

[0068] The present invention also provides nucleic acid molecules comprising polynucleotides encoding the peptides, peptibodies, and peptide and peptibody variants and derivatives of the present invention.

[0069] The present invention provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising one or more binding agents of the present invention.

[0070] The binding agents of the present invention inhibit myostatin activity in vitro and in vivo. The binding agents of the present invention increase lean muscle mass in a treated animal and decreases fat mass as a percentage of body weight of the animal. The myostatin binding agents of the present invention increase muscular strength in treated animal models.

[0071] The present invention provides methods of inhibiting myostatin activity in animals including humans by administering an effective dosage of one or more binding agents to the subject. The present invention provides methods of increasing lean muscle mass in animals including humans by administering an effective dosage of one or more binding agents. The present invention further provides methods of treating myostatin-related disorders by administering an therapeutically effective dosage of one or more myostatin binding agents in a pharmaceutically acceptable composition to a subject. The present invention provides methods of treating muscle wasting disorders including muscular dystrophy, muscle wasting due to cancer, AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, renal failure, uremia, chronic heart failure, age-related sarcopenia, prolonged bed-rest, spinal chord injury, stroke, bone fracture. The present invention also provides methods of treating metabolic disorders including obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and bone loss.

[0072] The present invention also provides a method of increasing muscle mass in food animals by administering an effective dosage of one or more myostatin binding agents to the animal.

[0073] The present invention provides assays utilizing one or more myostatin binding agents to identify and quantitate myostatin in a sample. The assays may be diagnotic assays for measuring or monitoring myostatin levels in individuals with a myostatin related disorder or disease.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0074]FIG. 1 shows myostatin activity as measured by expressed luciferase activity (y-axis) vrs. concentration (x-axis) for the TN8-19 peptide QGHCTRWPWMCPPY (Seq ID No: 32) and the TN8-19 peptibody (pb) to determine the IC₅₀ for each using the C2C12 pMARE luciferase assay described in the Examples below. The peptibody has a lower IC₅₀ value compared with the peptide.

[0075]FIG. 2 is a graph showing the increase in total body weight for CD1 nu/nu mice treated with increasing dosages of the 1×mTN8-19-21 peptibody over a fourteen day period compared with mice treated with a huFc control, as described in Example 8.

[0076]FIG. 3A shows the increase in the mass of the gastrocnemius muscle mass at necropsy of the mice treated in FIG. 2 (Example 8). FIG. 3B shows the increase in lean mass as determined by NMR on day 0 compared with day 13 of the experiment described in Example 8.

[0077]FIG. 4 shows the increase in lean body mass as for CD1 nu/nu mice treated with biweekly injections of increasing dosages of 1×mTN8-19-32 peptibody as determined by NMR on day 0 and day 13 of the experiment described in Example 8.

[0078]FIG. 5A shows the increase in body weight for CD1 nu/nu mice treated with biweekly injections of 1×mTN8-19-7 compared with 2×mTN8-19-7 and the control animal for 35 days as described in Example 8. FIG. 5B shows the increase in lean carcass weight at necropsy for the 1× and 2× versions at 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg compared with the animals receiving the vehicle (huFc) (controls).

[0079]FIG. 6A shows the increase in lean muscle mass vrs. body weight for aged mdx mice treated with either affinity matured 1×mTN8-19-33 peptibody or huFc vehicle at 10 mg/kg subcutaneously every other day for three months. FIG. 6B shows the change in fat mass compared to body weight as determined by NMR for the same mice after 3 months of treatment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0080] The present invention provides binding agents capable of binding myostatin and inhibiting its activity. The myostatin binding agents can be used in assays, to identify, quantitate, or monitor the level of myostatin in an animal. The myostatin binding agents of the present invention reduce myostatin activity. The myostatin binding agents of the present invention increase lean muscle mass in animals, decrease fat mass as a percentage of body weight, and increase muscle strength. The myostatin binding agents of the present invention can be used to treat a variety of metabolic disorders in which myostatin plays a role, including muscle wasting disorders such as muscular dystrophies, muscle wasting due to cancer, AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, renal failure, uremia, chronic heart failure, prolonged bed-rest, spinal chord injury, stroke, and age-related sarcopenia as well as other metabolic disorders including diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, and bone loss, by administering a therapeutic dosage of one or more binding agents in a pharmaceutically acceptable composition to a subject.

Myostatin

[0081] Myostatin, a growth factor also known as GDF-8, is known to be a negative regulator of skeletal muscle tissue. Myostatin is synthesized as an inactive preproprotein which is activated by proteolyic cleavage (Zimmers et al., supra (2002)). The precurser protein is cleaved to produce an NH₂-terminal inactive prodomain and an approximately 109 amino acid COOH-terminal protein in the form of a homodimer of about 25 kDa, which is the mature, active form (Zimmers et al, supra (2002)). It is now believed that the mature dimer circulates in the blood as an inactive latent complex bound to the propeptide (Zimmers et al, supra (2002).

[0082] As used herein the term “full-length myostatin” refers to the full-length human preproprotein sequence described in McPherron et al. supra (1997), as well as related full-length polypeptides including allelic variants and interspecies homologs which are also described in McPherron et al. (1997). As used herein, the term “prodomain” or “propeptide” refers to the inactive NH₂-terminal protein which is cleaved off to release the active COOH-terminal protein. As used herein the term “myostatin” or “mature myostatin” refers to the mature, biologically active COOH-terminal polypeptide, in monomer, dimer, multimeric form or other form. “Myostatin” or “mature myostatin” also refers to fragments of the biologically active mature myostatin, as well as related polypeptides including allelic variants, splice variants, and fusion peptides and polypeptides. The mature myostatin COOH-terminal protein has been reported to have 100% sequence identity among many species including human, mouse, chicken, porcine, turkey, and rat (Lee et al., PNAS 98, 9306 (2001)). Myostatin may or may not include additional terminal residues such as targeting sequences, or methionine and lysine residues and/or tag or fusion protein sequences, depending on how it is prepared.

[0083] As used herein the term “capable of binding to myostatin” or “having a binding affinity for myostatin” refers to a binding agent or peptide which binds to myostatin as demonstrated by as the phage ELISA assay, the BIAcore® or KinExA™ assays described in the Examples below.

[0084] As used herein, the term “capable of modifying myostatin activity” refers to the action of an agent as either an agonist or an antagonist with respect to at least one biological activity of myostatin. As used herein, “agonist” or “mimetic” activity refers an agent having biological activity comparable to a protein that interacts with the protein of interest, as described, for example, in International application WO 01/83525, filed May 2, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0085] As used herein, the term “inhibiting myostatin activity” or “having antagonist activity” refers to the ability of a peptide or binding agent to reduce or block myostatin activity or signaling as demonstrated or in vitro assays such as, for example, the pMARE C2C12 cell-based myostatin activity assay or by in vivo animal testing as described below.

Structure of Myostatin Binding Agents

[0086] In one embodiment, the binding agents of the present invention comprise at least one myostatin binding peptide covalently attached to at least one vehicle such as a polymer or an Fc domain. The attachment of the myostatin-binding peptides to at least one vehicle is intended to increase the effectiveness of the binding agent as a therapeutic by increasing the biological activity of the agent and/or decreasing degradation in vivo, increasing half-life in vivo, reducing toxicity or immunogenicity in vivo. The binding agents of the present invention may further comprise a linker sequence connecting the peptide and the vehicle. The peptide or peptides are attached directly or indirectly through a linker sequence to the vehicle at the N-terminal, C-terminal or an amino acid sidechain of the peptide. In this embodiment, the binding agents of the present invention have the following structure:

(X¹)_(a)—F¹—(X²)_(b), or multimers thereof;

[0087] wherein F¹ is a vehicle; and X¹ and X² are each independently selected from

-(L¹)_(c)-P¹;

-(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²;

-(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(c)-P³;

and -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³-(L⁴)_(f)-P⁴;

[0088] wherein P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ are peptides capable of binding myostatin; and

[0089] L¹, L², L³, and L⁴ are each linkers; and a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently 0 or 1, provided that at least one of a and b is 1.

[0090] Any peptide containing a cysteinyl residue may be cross-linked with another Cys-containing peptide, either or both of which may be linked to a vehicle. Any peptide having more than one Cys residue may form an intrapeptide disulfide bond, as well.

[0091] In one embodiment, the vehicle is an Fc domain, defined below. This embodiment is referred to as a “peptibody”. As used herein, the term “peptibody” refers to a molecule comprising an antibody Fc domain attached to at least one peptide. The production of peptibodies is generally described in PCT publication WO 00/24782, published May 4, 2000, which is herein incorporated by reference. Exemplary peptibodies are provided as 1× and 2× configurations with one copy and two copies of the peptide (attached in tandem) respectively, as described in the Examples below.

Peptides

[0092] As used herein the term “peptide” refers to molecules of about 5 to about 90 amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The peptides of the present invention are preferably between about 5 to about 50 amino acids in length, more preferably between about 10 and 30 amino acids in length, and most preferably between about 10 and 25 amino acids in length, and ate capable of binding to the myostatin protein.

[0093] The peptides of the present invention may comprise part of a sequence of naturally occuring proteins, may be randomized sequences derived from naturally occuring proteins, or may be entirely randomized sequences. The peptides of the present invention may be generated by any methods known in the art including chemical synthesis, digestion of proteins, or recombinant technology. Phage display and RNA-peptide screening, and other affinity screening techniques are particularly useful for generating peptides capable of binding myostatin.

[0094] Phage display technology is described, for example, in Scott et al. Science 249: 386 (1990); Devlin et al., Science 249: 404 (1990); U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,409, issued Jun. 29, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 5,733,731, issued Mar. 31, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 5,498,530, issued Mar. 12, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,018, issued Jul. 11, 1995; U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,665, issued Aug. 16, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 5,922,545, issued Jul. 13, 1999; WO 96/40987, published Dec. 19, 1996; and WO 98/15833, published Apr. 16, 1998, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Using phage libraries, random peptide sequences are displayed by fusion with coat proteins of filamentous phage. Typically, the displayed peptides are affinity-eluted either specifically or non-specifically against the target molecule. The retained phages may be enriched by successive rounds of affinity purification and repropagation. The best binding peptides are selected for further analysis, for example, by using phage ELISA, described below, and then sequenced. Optionally, mutagenesis libraries may be created and screened to further optimize the sequence of the best binders (Lowman, Ann Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 26:401-24 (1997)).

[0095] Other methods of generating the myostatin binding peptides include additional affinity selection techniques known in the art. A peptide library can be fused in the carboxyl terminus of the lac repressor and expressed in E.coli. Another E. coli-based method allows display on the cell's outer membrane by fusion with a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL). Hereinafter, these and related methods are collectively referred to as “E. coli display.” In another method, translation of random RNA is halted prior to ribosome release, resulting in a library of polypeptides with their associated RNA still attached. Hereinafter, this and related methods are collectively referred to as “ribosome display.” Other methods employ chemical linkage of peptides to RNA. See, for example, Roberts and Szostak, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94: 12297-303 (1997). Hereinafter, this and related methods are collectively referred to as “RNA-peptide screening.” Yeast two-hybrid screening methods also may be used to identify peptides of the invention that bind to myostatin. In addition, chemically derived peptide libraries have been developed in which peptides are immobilized on stable, non-biological materials, such as polyethylene rods or solvent-permeable resins. Another chemically derived peptide library uses photolithography to scan peptides immobilized on glass slides. Hereinafter, these and related methods are collectively referred to as “chemical-peptide screening.” Chemical-peptide screening may be advantageous in that it allows use of D-amino acids and other analogues, as well as non-peptide elements. Both biological and chemical methods are reviewed in Wells and Lowman, Curr Opin Biotechnol 3: 355-62 (1992).

[0096] Additionally, selected peptides capable of binding myostatin can be further improved through the use of “rational design”. In this approach, stepwise changes are made to a peptide sequence and the effect of the substitution on the binding affinity or specificity of the peptide or some other property of the peptide is observed in an appropriate assay. One example of this technique is substituting a single residue at a time with alanine, referred to as an “alanine walk” or an “alanine scan”. When two residues are replaced, it is referred to as a “double alanine walk”. The resultant peptide containing amino acid substitutions are tested for enhanced activity or some additional advantageous property.

[0097] In addition, analysis of the structure of a protein-protein interaction may also be used to suggest peptides that mimic the interaction of a larger protein. In such an analysis, the crystal structure of a protein may suggest the identity and relative orientation of critical residues of the protein, from which a peptide may be designed. See, for example, Takasaki et al., Nature Biotech 15:1266 (1977). These methods may also be used to investigate the interaction between a targeted protein and peptides selected by phage display or other affinity selection processes, thereby suggesting further modifications of peptides to increase binding affinity and the ability of the peptide to inhibit the activity of the protein.

[0098] In one embodiment, the peptides of the present invention are generated as families of related peptides. Exemplary peptides are represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 through 132. These exemplary peptides were derived through an selection process in which the best binders generated by phage display technology were further analyzed by phage ELISA to obtain candidate peptides by an affinity selection technique such as phage display technology as described herein. However, the peptides of the present invention may be produced by any number of known methods including chemical synthesis as described below.

[0099] The peptides of the present invention can be further improved by the process of “affinity maturation”. This procedure is directed to increasing the affinity or the activity of the peptides and peptibodies of the present invention using phage display or other selection technologies. Based on a consensus sequence, directed secondary phage display libraries, for example, can be generated in which the “core” amino acids (determined from the consensus sequence) are held constant or are biased in frequency of occurrence. Alternatively, an individual peptide sequence can be used to generate a biased, directed phage display library. Panning of such libraries under more stringent conditions can yield peptides with enhanced binding to myostatin, selective binding to myostatin, or with some additional desired property. However, peptides having the affinity matured sequences may then be produced by any number of known methods including chemical synthesis or recombinantly. These peptides are used to generate binding agents such as peptibodies of various configurations which exhibit greater inhibitory activity in cell-based assays and in vivo assays.

[0100] Example 6 below describes affinity maturation of the “first round” peptides described above to produce affinity matured peptides. Exemplary affinity matured peptibodies are presented in Tables IV and V. The resultant 1× and 2× peptibodies made from these peptides were then further characterized for binding affinity, ability to neutralize myostatin activity, specificity to myostatin as opposed to other TNFβ family members, and for additional in vitro and in vivo activity, as described below. Affinity-matured peptides and peptibodies are referred to by the prefix “m” before their family name to distinguish them from first round peptides of the same family.

[0101] Exemplary first round peptides chosen for further affinity maturation according to the present invention included the following peptides: TN8-19 QGHCTRWPWMCPPY (SEQ ID NO: 33), and the linear peptides Linear-2 MEMLDSLFELLKDMVPISKA (SEQ ID NO: 104), Linear-15 HHGWNYLRKGSAPQWFEAWV (SEQ ID NO: 117), Linear-17, RATLLKDFWQLVEGYGDN (SEQ ID NO: 119), Linear-20 YREMSMLEGLLDVLERLQHY (SEQ ID NO: 122), Linear-21 HNSSQMLLSELIMLVGSMMQ (SEQ ID NO: 123), Linear-24 EFFHWLHNHRSEVNHWLDMN (SEQ ID NO: 126). The affinity matured families of each of these is presented below in Tables IV and V.

[0102] The peptides of the present invention also encompass variants and derivatives of the selected peptides which are capable of binding myostatin. As used herein the term “variant” refers to peptides having one or more amino acids inserted, deleted, or substituted into the original amino acid sequence, and which are still capable of binding to myostatin. Insertional and substitutional variants may contain natural amino acids as well as non-naturally occuring amino acids. As used herein the term “variant” includes fragments of the peptides which still retain the ability to bind to myostatin. As used herein, the term “derivative” refers to peptides which have been modified chemically in some manner distinct from insertion, deletion, and substitution variants. Variants and derivatives of the peptides and peptibodies of the present invention are described more fully below.

Vehicles

[0103] As used herein the term “vehicle” refers to a molecule that may be attached to one or more peptides of the present invention. Preferably, vehicles confer at least one desired property on the binding agents of the present invention. Peptides alone are likely to be removed in vivo either by renal filtration, by cellular clearance mechanisms in the reticuloendothelial system, or by proteolytic degradation. Attachment to a vehicle improves the therapeutic value of a binding agent by reducing degradation of the binding agent and/or increasing half-life, reducing toxicity, reducing immunogenicity, and/or increasing the biological activity of the binding agent.

[0104] Exemplary vehicles include Fc domains; linear polymers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polylysine, dextran; a branched chain polymer (see for example U.S. Pat. No. 4,289,872 to Denkenwalter et al., issued Sep. 15, 1981; U.S. Pat. No. 5,229,490 to Tam, issued Jul. 20, 1993; WO 93/21259 by Frechet et al., published 28 Oct. 1993); a lipid; a cholesterol group (such as a steroid); a carbohydrate or oligosaccharide; or any natural or synthetic protein, polypeptide or peptide that binds to a salvage receptor.

[0105] In one embodiment, the myostatin binding agents of the present invention have at least one peptide attached to at least one vehicle (F¹, F²) through the N-terminus, C-terminus or a side chain of one of the amino acid residues of the peptide(s). Multiple vehicles may also be used; such as an Fc domain at each terminus or an Fc domain at a terminus and a PEG group at the other terminus or a side chain.

[0106] An Fc domain is one preferred vehicle. As used herein, the term “Fc domain” encompasses native Fc and Fc variant molecules and sequences as defined below. As used herein the term “native Fc” refers to a non-antigen binding fragment of an antibody or the amino acid sequence of that fragment which is produced by recombinant DNA techniques or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of intact antibodies. A preferred Fc is a fully human Fc and may originate from any of the immunoglobulins, such as IgG1 and IgG2. However, Fc molecules that are partially human, or originate from non-human species are also included herein. Native Fc molecules are made up of monomeric polypeptides that may be linked into dimeric or multimeric forms by covalent (i.e., disulfide bonds) and non-covalent association. The number of intermolecular disulfide bonds between monomeric subunits of native Fc molecules ranges from 1 to 4 depending on class (e.g., IgG, IgA, IgE) or subclass (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, IgGA2). One example of a native Fc is a disulfide-bonded dimer resulting from papain digestion of an IgG (see Ellison et al. (1982), Nucl Acids Res 10: 4071-9). The term “native Fc” as used herein is used to refer to the monomeric, dimeric, and multimeric forms.

[0107] As used herein, the term “Fc variant” refers to a modified form of a native Fc sequence provided that binding to the salvage receptor is maintained, as described, for example, in WO 97/34631 and WO 96/32478, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Fc variants may be constructed for example, by substituting or deleting residues, inserting residues or truncating portions containing the site. The inserted or substituted residues may also be altered amino acids, such as peptidomimetics or D-amino acids. Fc variants may be desirable for a number of reasons, several of which are described below. Exemplary Fc variants include molecules and sequences in which:

[0108] 1. Sites involved in disulfide bond formation are removed. Such removal may avoid reaction with other cysteine-containing proteins present in the host cell used to produce the molecules of the invention. For this purpose, the cysteine-containing segment at the N-terminus may be truncated or cysteine residues may be deleted or substituted with other amino acids (e.g., alanyl, seryl). Even when cysteine residues are removed, the single chain Fc domains can still form a dimeric Fc domain that is held together non-covalently.

[0109] 2. A native Fc is modified to make it more compatible with a selected host cell. For example, one may remove the PA sequence near the N-terminus of a typical native Fc, which may be recognized by a digestive enzyme in E. coli such as proline iminopeptidase. One may also add an N-terminal methionyl residue, especially when the molecule is expressed recombinantly in a bacterial cell such as E. coli.

[0110] 3. A portion of the N-terminus of a native Fc is removed to prevent N-terminal heterogeneity when expressed in a selected host cell. For this purpose, one may delete any of the first 20 amino acid residues at the N-terminus, particularly those at positions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

[0111] 4. One or more glycosylation sites are removed. Residues that are typically glycosylated (e.g., asparagine) may confer cytolytic response. Such residues may be deleted or substituted with unglycosylated residues (e.g., alanine).

[0112] 5. Sites involved in interaction with complement, such as the C1q binding site, are removed. For example, one may delete or substitute the EKK sequence of human IgG1. Complement recruitment may not be advantageous for the molecules of this invention and so may be avoided with such an Fc variant.

[0113] 6. Sites are removed that affect binding to Fc receptors other than a salvage receptor. A native Fc may have sites for interaction with certain white blood cells that are not required for the fusion molecules of the present invention and so may be removed.

[0114] 7. The ADCC site is removed. ADCC sites are known in the art. See, for example, Molec Immunol 29 (5):633-9 (1992) with regard to ADCC sites in IgG1. These sites, as well, are not required for the fusion molecules of the present invention and so may be removed.

[0115] 8. When the native Fc is derived from a non-human antibody, the native Fc may be humanized. Typically, to humanize a native Fc, one will substitute selected residues in the non-human native Fc with residues that are normally found in human native Fc. Techniques for antibody humanization are well known in the art.

[0116] The term “Fc domain” includes molecules in monomeric or multimeric form, whether digested from whole antibody or produced by other means. As used herein the term “multimer” as applied to Fc domains or molecules comprising Fc domains refers to molecules having two or more polypeptide chains associated covalently, noncovalently, or by both covalent and non-covalent interactions. IgG molecules typically form dimers; IgM, pentamers; IgD, dimers; and IgA, monomers, dimers, trimers, or tetramers. Multimers may be formed by exploiting the sequence and resulting activity of the native Ig source of the Fc or by derivatizing such a native Fc. The term “dimer” as applied to Fc domains or molecules comprising Fc domains refers to molecules having two polypeptide chains associated covalently or non-covalently.

[0117] Additionally, an alternative vehicle according to the present invention is a non-Fc domain protein, polypeptide, peptide, antibody, antibody fragment, or small molecule (e.g., a peptidomimetic compound) capable of binding to a salvage receptor. For example, one could use as a vehicle a polypeptide as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,739,277, issued Apr. 14, 1998 to Presta et al. Peptides could also be selected by phage display for binding to the FcRn salvage receptor. Such salvage receptor-binding compounds are also included within the meaning of “vehicle” and are within the scope of this invention. Such vehicles should be selected for increased half-life (e.g., by avoiding sequences recognized by proteases) and decreased immunogenicity (e.g., by favoring non-immunogenic sequences, as discovered in antibody humanization).

[0118] In addition, polymer vehicles may also be used to construct the binding agents of the present invention. Various means for attaching chemical moieties useful as vehicles are currently available, see, e.g., Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”) International Publication No. WO 96/11953, entitled “N-Terminally Chemically Modified Protein Compositions and Methods,” herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. This PCT publication discloses, among other things, the selective attachment of water soluble polymers to the N-terminus of proteins.

[0119] A preferred polymer vehicle is polyethylene glycol (PEG). The PEG group may be of any convenient molecular weight and may be linear or branched. The average molecular weight of the PEG will preferably range from about 2 kDa to about 100 kDa, more preferably from about 5 kDa to about 50 kDa, most preferably from about 5 kDa to about 10 kDa. The PEG groups will generally be attached to the compounds of the invention via acylation or reductive alkylation through a reactive group on the PEG moiety (e.g., an aldehyde, amino, thiol, or ester group) to a reactive group on the inventive compound (e.g., an aldehyde, amino, or ester group). A useful strategy for the PEGylation of synthetic peptides consists of combining, through forming a conjugate linkage in solution, a peptide and a PEG moiety, each bearing a special functionality that is mutually reactive toward the other. The peptides can be easily prepared with conventional solid phase synthesis as known in the art. The peptides are “preactivated” with an appropriate functional group at a specific site. The precursors are purified and fully characterized prior to reacting with the PEG moiety. Ligation of the peptide with PEG usually takes place in aqueous phase and can be easily monitored by reverse phase analytical HPLC. The PEGylated peptides can be easily purified by preparative HPLC and characterized by analytical HPLC, amino acid analysis and laser desorption mass spectrometry.

[0120] Polysaccharide polymers are another type of water soluble polymer which may be used for protein modification. Dextrans are polysaccharide polymers comprised of individual subunits of glucose predominantly linked by a1-6 linkages. The dextran itself is available in many molecular weight ranges, and is readily available in molecular weights from about 1 kDa to about 70 kDa. Dextran is a suitable water-soluble polymer for use in the present invention as a vehicle by itself or in combination with another vehicle (e.g., Fc). See, for example, WO 96/11953 and WO 96/05309. The use of dextran conjugated to therapeutic or diagnostic immunoglobulins has been reported; see, for example, European Patent Publication No. 0 315 456, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Dextran of about 1 kDa to about 20 kDa is preferred when dextran is used as a vehicle in accordance with the present invention.

Linkers

[0121] The binding agents of the present invention may optionally further comprise a “linker” group. Linkers serve primarily as a spacer between a peptide and a vehicles or between two peptides of the binding agents of the present invention. In one embodiment, the linker is made up of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, preferably from 1 to 20 amino acids linked by peptide bonds, wherein the amino acids are selected from the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. One or more of these amino acids may be glycosylated, as is understood by those in the art. In one embodiment, the 1 to 20 amino acids are selected from glycine, alanine, proline, asparagine, glutamine, and lysine. Preferably, a linker is made up of a majority of amino acids that are sterically unhindered, such as glycine and alanine. Thus, exemplary linkers are polyglycines (particularly (Gly)₅, (Gly)₈), poly(Gly-Ala), and polyalanines. As used herein, the designation “g” refers to a glycine homopeptide linkers. As shown in Table II, “gn” refers to a 5×gly linker at the N terminus, while “gc” refers to 5×gly linker at the C terminus. Combinations of Gly and Ala are also preferred. One exemplary linker sequence useful for constructing the binding agents of the present invention is the following: gsgsatggsgstassgsgsatg (Seq ID No: 305). This linker sequence is referred to as the “k” or 1 k sequence. The designations “kc”, as found in Table II, refers to the k linker at the C-terminus, while the designation “kn”, refers to the k linker at the N-terminus.

[0122] The linkers of the present invention may also be non-peptide linkers. For example, alkyl linkers such as —NH—(CH₂)s-C(O)—, wherein s=2-20 can be used. These alkyl linkers may further be substituted by any non-sterically hindering group such as lower alkyl (e.g., C₁-C₆) lower acyl, halogen (e.g., Cl, Br), CN, NH₂, phenyl, etc. An exemplary non-peptide linker is a PEG linker, and has a molecular weight of 100 to 5000 kDa, preferably 100 to 500 kDa. The peptide linkers may be altered to form derivatives in the same manner as above.

Exemplary Binding Agents

[0123] The binding agents of the present invention comprise at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin. In one embodiment, the myostatin binding peptide is between about 5 and about 50 amino acids in length, in another, between about 10 and 30 amino acids in length, and in another, between about 10 and 25 amino acids in length. In one embodiment the myostatin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 633). In other embodiment, the myostatin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence Ca₁a₂Wa₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 352), wherein a₁, a₂ and a₃ are selected from a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid. In another embodiment the myostatin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence Cb₁b₂Wb₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 353), wherein b₁ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R; b₂ is selected from any one of R, S, Q; b₃ is selected from any one of P, R and Q, and wherein the peptide is beween 10 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0124] In another embodiment, the myostatin binding peptide comprises the formula:

c₁c₂c₃c₄c₅c₆Cc₇c₈Wc₉ WMCPPc₁₀c₁₁c₁₂c₁₃   (SEQ ID NO: 354),

[0125] wherein:

[0126] c₁ is absent or any amino acid;

[0127] c₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0128] c₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0129] c₄ is absent or any amino acid;

[0130] c₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0131] c₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0132] c₇ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0133] c₈ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0134] c₉ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar or basic amino acid; and

[0135] c₁₀ to c₁₃ is any amino acid; and wherein the peptide is between 20 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0136] A related embodiment the myostatin binding peptide comprises the formula:

d₁d₂d₃d₄d₅d₆Cd₇d₈Wd₉ WMCPPd₁₀d₁₁d₁₂d₁₃   (SEQ ID NO: 355),

[0137] wherein:

[0138] d₁ is absent or any amino acid;

[0139] d₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0140] d₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0141] d₄ is absent or any amino acid;

[0142] d₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0143] d₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0144] d₇ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R;

[0145] d₈ is selected from any one of R, S, Q;

[0146] d₉ is selected from any one of P, R and Q, and

[0147] d₁₀ to d₁₃ is selected from any amino acid,

[0148] and wherein the peptide is between 20 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0149] Additional embodiments of binding agents comprise at least one of the following peptides:

[0150] (1) a peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence

WYe₁e₂Ye₃G,   (SEQ ID NO: 356)

[0151] wherein e₁ is P, S or Y.

[0152] e₂ is C or Q, and

[0153] e₃ is G or H, wherein the peptide is between 7 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0154] (2) a peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence

f₁EMLf₂SLf₃f₄LL,   (SEQ ID NO: 455),

[0155] wherein f₁ is M or I,

[0156] f₂ is any amino acid,

[0157] f₃ is L or F,

[0158] f₄ is E, Q or D;

[0159] and wherein the peptide is between 7 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0160] (3) a peptide capable of binding myostatin wherein the peptide comprises the sequence

Lg₁g₂LLg₃g₄L,   (SEQ ID NO: 456),

[0161] wherein

[0162] g₁ is Q, D or E,

[0163] g₂ is S, Q, D or E,

[0164] g₃ is any amino acid,

[0165] g₄ is L, W, F, or Y, and wherein the peptide is between 8 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0166] (4) a peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence

h₁h₂h₃h₄h₅h₆h₇h₈h₉   (SEQ ID NO: 457),

[0167] wherein

[0168] h₁ is R or D,

[0169] h₂ is any amino acid,

[0170] h₃ is A, T S or Q.

[0171] h₄ is L or M,

[0172] h₅ is L or S,

[0173] h₆ is any amino acid,

[0174] h₇ is F or E,

[0175] h₈ is W, F or C,

[0176] h₉ is L, F, M or K, and wherein the peptide is between 9 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

[0177] In one embodiment, the binding agents of the present invention-further comprise at least one vehicle such as a polymer or an Fc domain, and may further comprise at least one linker sequence. In this embodiment, the binding agents of the present invention are constructed so that at least one myostatin-binding peptide is covalently attached to at least one vehicle. The peptide or peptides are attached directly or indirectly through a linker sequence, to the vehicle at the N-terminal, C-terminal or an amino acid sidechain of the peptide. In this embodiment, the binding agents of the present invention have the following generalized structure:

(X¹)_(a)—F¹—(X²)_(b), or multimers thereof;

[0178] wherein F¹ is a vehicle; and X¹ and X² are each independently selected from

-(L¹)_(c)-P¹;

-(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²;

-(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³;

and -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³-(L⁴)_(f)-P₄;

[0179] wherein P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ are peptides capable of binding myostatin; and

[0180] L¹, L², L³, and L⁴ are each linkers; and a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently 0 or 1, provided that at least one of a and b is 1.

[0181] In one embodiment of the binding agents having this generalized structure, the peptides P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ can be selected from one or more of any of the peptides comprising the sequences provided above. Peptides P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ can be selected from one or more peptides comprising any of the following sequences: SEQ ID NO: 633, SEQ ID NO: 352, SEQ ID NO: 353, SEQ ID NO: 354, SEQ ID NO: 355, SEQ ID NO: 356, SEQ ID NO: 455, SEQ ID NO: 456, or SEQ ID NO: 457.

[0182] In a further embodiment, the vehicles of binding agents having the general formula above are Fc domains. The peptides are therefore fused to an Fc domain, either directly or indirectly, thereby providing peptibodies. The peptibodies of the present invention display a high binding affinity for myostatin and can inhibit the activity of myostatin as demonstrated by in vitro assays and in vivo testing in animals provided herein.

[0183] The present invention also provides nucleic acid molecules comprising polynucleotides encoding the peptides, peptibodies, and peptide and peptibody variants and derivatives of the present invention. Exemplary nucleotides sequences are given below.

Variants and Derivatives of Peptides and Peptibodies

[0184] The binding agents of the present invention also encompass variants and derivatives of the peptides and peptibodies described herein. Since both the peptides and peptibodies of the present invention can be described in terms of their amino acid sequence, the terms “variants” and “derivatives” can be said to apply to a peptide alone, or a peptide as a component of a peptibody. As used herein, the term “peptide variants” refers to peptides or peptibodies having one or more amino acid residues inserted, deleted or substituted into the original amino acid sequence and which retain the ability to bind to myostatin and modify its activity. As used herein, fragments of the peptides or peptibodies are included within the definition of “variants”.

[0185] It is understood that any given peptide or peptibody may contain one or two or all three types of variants. Insertional and substitutional variants may contain natural amino acids, as well as non-naturally occuring amino acids or both.

[0186] Peptide and peptibody variants also include mature peptides and peptibodies wherein leader or signal sequences are removed, and the resulting proteins having additional amino terminal residues, which amino acids may be natural or non-natural. Peptibodies with an additional methionyl residue at amino acid position −1 (Met⁻¹-peptibody) are contemplated, as are peptibodies with additional methionine and lysine residues at positions −2 and −1 (Met⁻²-Lys⁻¹-). Variants having additional Met, Met-Lys, Lys residues (or one or more basic residues, in general) are particularly useful for enhanced recombinant protein production in bacterial host cells.

[0187] Peptide or peptibody variants of the present invention also includes peptides having additional amino acid residues that arise from use of specific expression systems. For example, use of commercially available vectors that express a desired polypeptide as part of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion product provides the desired polypeptide having an additional glycine residue at amino acid position-1 after cleavage of the GST component from the desired polypeptide. Variants which result from expression in other vector systems are also contemplated, including those wherein histidine tags are incorporated into the amino acid sequence, generally at the carboxy and/or amino terminus of the sequence.

[0188] In one example, insertional variants are provided wherein one or more amino acid residues, either naturally occurring or non-naturally occuring amino acids, are added to a peptide amino acid sequence. Insertions may be located at either or both termini of the protein, or may be positioned within internal regions of the peptibody amino acid sequence. Insertional variants with additional residues at either or both termini can include, for example, fusion proteins and proteins including amino acid tags or labels. Insertional variants include peptides in which one or more amino acid residues are added to the peptide amino acid sequence or fragment thereof.

[0189] Insertional variants also include fusion proteins wherein the amino and/or carboxy termini of the peptide or peptibody is fused to another polypeptide, a fragment thereof or amino acids which are not generally recognized to be part of any specific protein sequence. Examples of such fusion proteins are immunogenic polypeptides, proteins with long circulating half lives, such as immunoglobulin constant regions, marker proteins, proteins or polypeptides that facilitate purification of the desired peptide or peptibody, and polypeptide sequences that promote formation of multimeric proteins (such as leucine zipper motifs that are useful in dimer formation/stability).

[0190] This type of insertional variant generally has all or a substantial portion of the native molecule, linked at the N— or C-terminus, to all or a portion of a second polypeptide. For example, fusion proteins typically employ leader sequences from other species to permit the recombinant expression of a protein in a heterologous host. Another useful fusion protein includes the addition of an immunologically active domain, such as an antibody epitope, to facilitate purification of the fusion protein. Inclusion of a cleavage site at or near the fusion junction will facilitate removal of the extraneous polypeptide after purification. Other useful fusions include linking of functional domains, such as active sites from enzymes, glycosylation domains, cellular targeting signals or transmembrane regions.

[0191] There are various commercially available fusion protein expression systems that may be used in the present invention. Particularly useful systems include but are not limited to the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) system (Pharmacia), the maltose binding protein system (NEB, Beverley, Mass.), the FLAG system (IBI, New Haven, Conn.), and the 6×His system (Qiagen, Chatsworth, Calif.). These systems are capable of producing recombinant peptides and/or peptibodies bearing only a small number of additional amino acids, which are unlikely to significantly affect the activity of the peptide or peptibody. For example, both the FLAG system and the 6×His system add only short sequences, both of which are known to be poorly antigenic and which do not adversely affect folding of a polypeptide to its native conformation. Another N-terminal fusion that is contemplated to be useful is the fusion of a Met-Lys dipeptide at the N-terminal region of the protein or peptides. Such a fusion may produce beneficial increases in protein expression or activity.

[0192] Other fusion systems produce polypeptide hybrids where it is desirable to excise the fusion partner from the desired peptide or peptibody. In one embodiment, the fusion partner is linked to the recombinant peptibody by a peptide sequence containing a specific recognition sequence for a protease. Examples of suitable sequences are those recognized by the Tobacco Etch Virus protease (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, Md.) or Factor Xa (New England Biolabs, Beverley, Mass.).

[0193] The invention also provides fusion polypeptides which comprise all or part of a peptide or peptibody of the present invention, in combination with truncated tissue factor (tTF). tTF is a vascular targeting agent consisting of a truncated form of a human coagulation-inducing protein that acts as a tumor blood vessel clotting agent, as described U.S. Pat. Nos.: 5,877,289; 6,004,555; 6,132,729; 6,132,730; 6,156,321; and European Patent No. EP 0988056. The fusion of tTF to the anti-myostatin peptibody or peptide, or fragments thereof facilitates the delivery of anti-myostatin antagonists to target cells, for example, skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, fibroblasts, pre-adipocytes, and possibly adipocytes.

[0194] In another aspect, the invention provides deletion variants wherein one or more amino acid residues in a peptide or peptibody are removed. Deletions can be effected at one or both termini of the peptibody, or from removal of one or more residues within the peptibody amino acid sequence. Deletion variants necessarily include all fragments of a peptide or peptibody.

[0195] In still another aspect, the invention provides substitution variants of peptides and peptibodies of the invention. Substitution variants include those peptides and peptibodies wherein one or more amino acid residues are removed and replaced with one or more alternative amino acids, which amino acids may be naturally occurring or non-naturally occurring. Substitutional variants generate peptides or peptibodies that are “similar” to the original peptide or peptibody, in that the two molecules have a certain percentage of amino acids that are identical. Substitution variants include substitutions of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 20 amino acids within a peptide or peptibody, wherein the number of substitutions may be up to ten percent of the amino acids of the peptide or peptibody. In one aspect, the substitutions are conservative in nature, however, the invention embraces substitutions that are also non-conservative and also includes unconventional amino acids.

[0196] Identity and similarity of related peptides and peptibodies can be readily calculated by known methods. Such methods include, but are not limited to, those described in Computational Molecular Biology, Lesk, A. M., ed., Oxford University Press, New York (1988); Biocomputing: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, D. W., ed., Academic Press, New York (1993); Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part 1, Griffin, A. M., and Griffin, H. G., eds., Humana Press, New Jersey (1994); Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G., Academic Press (1987); Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds., M. Stockton Press, New York (1991); and Carillo et al., SIAM J. Applied Math., 48:1073 (1988).

[0197] Preferred methods to determine the relatedness or percent identity of two peptides or polypeptides, or a polypeptide and a peptide, are designed to give the largest match between the sequences tested. Methods to determine identity are described in publicly available computer programs. Preferred computer program methods to determine identity between two sequences include, but are not limited to, the GCG program package, including GAP (Devereux et al., Nucl. Acid. Res., 12:387 (1984); Genetics Computer Group, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., BLASTP, BLASTN, and FASTA (Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol., 215:403-410 (1990)). The BLASTX program is publicly available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and other sources (BLAST Manual, Altschul et al. NCB/NLM/NIH Bethesda, Md. 20894; Altschul et al., supra (1990)). The well-known Smith Waterman algorithm may also be used to determine identity.

[0198] Certain alignment schemes for aligning two amino acid sequences may result in the matching of only a short region of the two sequences, and this small aligned region may have very high sequence identity even though there is no significant relationship between the two full-length sequences. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the selected alignment method will result in an alignment that spans at least ten percent of the full length of the target polypeptide being compared, i.e., at least 40 contiguous amino acids where sequences of at least 400 amino acids are being compared, 30 contiguous amino acids where sequences of at least 300 to about 400 amino acids are being compared, at least 20 contiguous amino acids where sequences of 200 to about 300 amino acids are being compared, and at least 10 contiguous amino acids where sequences of about 100 to 200 amino acids are being compared. For example, using the computer algorithm GAP (Genetics Computer Group, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.), two polypeptides for which the percent sequence identity is to be determined are aligned for optimal matching of their respective amino acids (the “matched span”, as determined by the algorithm). In certain embodiments, a gap opening penalty (which is typically calculated as 3× the average diagonal; the “average diagonal” is the average of the diagonal of the comparison matrix being used; the “diagonal” is the score or number assigned to each perfect amino acid match by the particular comparison matrix) and a gap extension penalty (which is usually {fraction (1/10)} times the gap opening penalty), as well as a comparison matrix such as PAM 250 or BLOSUM 62 are used in conjunction with the algorithm. In certain embodiments, a standard comparison matrix (see Dayhoff et al., Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, 5(3)(1978) for the PAM 250 comparison matrix; Henikoff et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 89:10915-10919 (1992) for the BLOSUM 62 comparison matrix) is also used by the algorithm.

[0199] In certain embodiments, for example, the parameters for a polypeptide sequence comparison can be made with the following: Algorithm: Needleman et al., J. Mol. Biol., 48:443-453 (1970); Comparison matrix: BLOSUM 62 from Henikoff et al., supra (1992); Gap Penalty: 12; Gap Length Penalty: 4; Threshold of Similarity: 0, along with no penalty for end gaps.

[0200] In certain embodiments, the parameters for polynucleotide molecule sequence (as opposed to an amino acid sequence) comparisons can be made with the following: Algorithm: Needleman et al., supra (1970); Comparison matrix: matches=+10, mismatch=0; Gap Penalty: 50: Gap Length Penalty: 3

[0201] Other exemplary algorithms, gap opening penalties, gap extension penalties, comparison matrices, thresholds of similarity, etc. may be used, including those set forth in the Program Manual, Wisconsin Package, Version 9, September, 1997. The particular choices to be made will be apparent to those of skill in the art and will depend on the specific comparison to be made, such as DNA-to-DNA, protein-to-protein, protein-to-DNA; and additionally, whether the comparison is between given pairs of sequences (in which case GAP or BestFit are generally preferred) or between one sequence and a large database of sequences (in which case FASTA or BLASTA are preferred).

[0202] Stereoisomers (e.g., D-amino acids) of the twenty conventional (naturally occuring) amino acids, non-naturally occuring amino acids such as α-, α-disubstituted amino acids, N-alkyl amino acids, lactic acid, and other unconventional amino acids may also be suitable components for peptides of the present invention. Examples of non-naturally occuring amino acids include, for example: aminoadipic acid, beta-alanine, beta-aminopropionic acid, aminobutyric acid, piperidinic acid, aminocaprioic acid, aminoheptanoic acid, aminoisobutyric acid, aminopimelic acid, diaminobutyric acid, desmosine, diaminopimelic acid, diaminopropionic acid, N-ethylglycine, N-ethylaspargine, hyroxylysine, all0-hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, isodesmosine, allo-isoleucine, N-methylglycine, sarcosine, N-methylisoleucine, N-methylvaline, norvaline, norleucine, orithine, 4-hydroxyproline, γ-carboxyglutamate, ε-N,N,N-trimethyllysine, ε-N-acetyllysine, O-phosphoserine, N-acetylserine, N-formylmethionine, 3-methylhistidine, 5-hydroxylysine, σ-N-methylarginine, and other similar amino acids and amino acids (e.g., 4-hydroxyproline).

[0203] Naturally occurring residues may be divided into (overlapping) classes based on common side chain properties:

[0204] 1) neutral hydrophobic: Met, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Trp, Met, Phe;

[0205] 2) neutral polar: Cys, Ser, Thr, Asn, Gln, Tyr, Gly;

[0206] 3) acidic: Asp, Glu;

[0207] 4) basic: His, Lys, Arg;

[0208] 5) residues that influence chain orientation: Gly, Pro; and

[0209] 6) aromatic: Trp, Tyr, Phe.

[0210] Substitutions of amino acids may be conservative, which produces peptides having functional and chemical characteristics similar to those of the original peptide. Conservative amino acid substitutions involve exchanging a member of one of the above classes for another member of the same class. Conservative changes may encompass unconventional amino acid residues, which are typically incorporated by chemical peptide synthesis rather than by synthesis in biological systems. These include peptidomimetics and other reversed or inverted forms of amino acid moieties.

[0211] Non-conservative substitutions may involve the exchange of a member of one of these classes for a member from another class. These changes can result in substantial modification in the functional and/or chemical characteristics of the peptides. In making such changes, according to certain embodiments, the hydropathic index of amino acids may be considered. Each amino acid has been assigned a hydropathic index on the basis of its hydrophobicity and charge characteristics. They are: isoleucine (+4.5); valine (+4.2); leucine (+3.8); phenylalanine (+2.8); cysteine/cystine (+2.5); methionine (+1.9); alanine (+1.8); glycine (−0.4); threonine (−0.7); serine (−0.8); tryptophan (−0.9); tyrosine (−1.3); proline (−1.6); histidine (−3.2); glutamate (−3.5); glutamine (−3.5); aspartate (−3.5); asparagine (−3.5); lysine (−3.9); and arginine (−4.5).

[0212] The importance of the hydropathic amino acid index in conferring interactive biological function on a protein is understood in the art. Kyte et al., J. Mol. Biol., 157:105-131 (1982). It is known that certain amino acids may be substituted for other amino acids having a similar hydropathic index or score and still retain a similar biological activity. In making changes based upon the hydropathic index, in certain embodiments, the substitution of amino acids whose hydropathic indices are within ±2 is included. In certain embodiments, those which are within ±1 are included, and in certain embodiments, those within ±0.5 are included.

[0213] It is also understood in the art that the substitution of like amino acids can be made effectively on the basis of hydrophilicity, particularly where the biologically functional peptibody or peptide thereby created is intended for use in immunological embodiments, as in the present case. In certain embodiments, the greatest local average hydrophilicity of a protein, as governed by the hydrophilicity of its adjacent amino acids, correlates with its immunogenicity and antigenicity, i.e., with a biological property of the protein.

[0214] The following hydrophilicity values have been assigned to these amino acid residues: arginine (+3.0); lysine (+3.0); aspartate (+3.0±1); glutamate (+3.0±1); serine (+0.3); asparagine (+0.2); glutamine (+0.2); glycine (0); threonine (−0.4); proline (−0.5±1); alanine (−0.5); histidine (−0.5); cysteine (−1.0); methionine (−1.3); valine (−1.5); leucine (−1.8); isoleucine (−1.8); tyrosine (−2.3); phenylalanine (−2.5) and tryptophan (−3.4). In making changes based upon similar hydrophilicity values, in certain embodiments, the substitution of amino acids whose hydrophilicity values are within ±2 is included, in certain embodiments, those which are within ±1 are included, and in certain embodiments, those within ±0.5 are included. One may also identify epitopes from primary amino acid sequences on the basis of hydrophilicity. These regions are also referred to as “epitopic core regions.”

[0215] Exemplary amino acid substitutions are set forth in Table 1 below. Amino Acid Substitutions Original Preferred Residues Exemplary Substitutions Substitutions Ala Val, Leu, Ile Val Arg Lys, Gln, Asn Lys Asn Gln, Glu, Asp Gln Asp Glu, Gln, Asp Glu Cys Ser, Ala Ser Gln Asn, Glu, Asp Asn Glu Asp, Gln, Asn Asp Gly Pro, Ala Ala His Asn, Gln, Lys, Arg Arg Ile Leu, Val, Met, Ala, Phe, Norleucine Leu Leu Norleucine, Ile, Val, Met, Ala, Phe Ile Lys Arg, 1,4 Diamino-butyric Acid, Gln, Asn Arg Met Leu, Phe, Ile Leu Phe Leu, Val, Ile, Ala, Tyr Leu Pro Ala Gly Ser Thr, Ala, Cys Thr Thr Ser Ser Trp Tyr, Phe Tyr Tyr Trp, Phe, Thr, Ser Phe Val Ile, Met, Leu, Phe, Ala, Norleucine Leu

[0216] One skilled in the art will be able to produce variants of the peptides and peptibodies of the present invention by random substitution, for example, and testing the resulting peptide or peptibody for binding activity using the assays described herein.

[0217] Additionally, one skilled in the art can review structure-function studies or three-dimensional structural analysis in order to identify residues in similar polypeptides that are important for activity or structure. In view of such a comparison, one can predict the importance of amino acid residues in a protein that correspond to amino acid residues which are important for activity or structure in similar proteins. One skilled in the art may opt for chemically similar amino acid substitutions for such predicted important amino acid residues. The variants can then be screened using activity assays as described herein.

[0218] A number of scientific publications have been devoted to the prediction of secondary structure. See Moult J., Curr. Op. in Biotech., 7(4):422-427 (1996), Chou et al., Biochemistry, 13(2):222-245 (1974); Chou et al., Biochemistry, 113(2):211-222 (1974); Chou et al. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol., 47:45-148 (1978); Chou et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem., 47:251-276 and Chou et al., Biophys. J., 26:367-384 (1979). Moreover, computer programs are currently available to assist with predicting secondary structure. One method of predicting secondary structure is based upon homology modeling. For example, two polypeptides or proteins which have a sequence identity of greater than 30%, or similarity greater than 40% often have similar structural topologies. The recent growth of the protein structural database (PDB) has provided enhanced predictability of secondary structure, including the potential number of folds within a protein's structure. See Holm et al., Nucl. Acid. Res., 27(1):244-247 (1999). It has been suggested (Brenner et al., Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 7(3):369-376 (1997)) that there are a limited number of folds in a given protein and that once a critical number of structures have been resolved, structural prediction will become dramatically more accurate.

[0219] Additional methods of predicting secondary structure include “threading” (Jones, D., Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol., 7(3):377-87 (1997); Sippl et al., Structure, 4(1):15-19 (1996)), “profile analysis” (Bowie et al., Science, 253:164-170 (1991); Gribskov et al., Meth. Enzym., 183:146-159 (1990); Gribskov et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 84(13):4355-4358 (1987)), and “evolutionary linkage” (See Holm, supra (1999), and Brenner, supra (1997)).

[0220] In certain embodiments, peptide or peptibody variants include glycosylation variants wherein one or more glycosylation sites such as a N-linked glycosylation site, has been added to the peptibody. An N-linked glycosylation site is characterized by the sequence: Asn-X-Ser or Asn-X-Thr, wherein the amino acid residue designated as X may be any amino acid residue except proline. The substitution or addition of amino acid residues to create this sequence provides a potential new site for the addition of an N-linked carbohydrate chain. Alternatively, substitutions which eliminate this sequence will remove an existing N-linked carbohydrate chain. Also provided is a rearrangement of N-linked carbohydrate chains wherein one or more N-linked glycosylation sites (typically those that are naturally occurring) are eliminated and one or more new N-linked sites are created.

[0221] The invention also provides “derivatives” of the peptides or peptibodies of the present invention. As used herein the term “derivative” refers to modifications other than, or in addition to, insertions, deletions, or substitutions of amino acid residues which retain the ability to bind to myostatin.

[0222] Preferably, the modifications made to the peptides of the present invention to produce derivatives are covalent in nature, and include for example, chemical bonding with polymers, lipids, other organic, and inorganic moieties. Derivatives of the invention may be prepared to increase circulating half-life of a peptibody, or may be designed to improve targeting capacity for the peptibody to desired cells, tissues, or organs.

[0223] The invention further embraces derivative binding agents covalently modified to include one or more water soluble polymer attachments, such as polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene glycol, or polypropylene glycol, as described U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,640,835; 4,496,689; 4,301,144; 4,670,417; 4,791,192; and 4,179,337. Still other useful polymers known in the art include monomethoxy-polyethylene glycol, dextran, cellulose, or other carbohydrate based polymers, poly-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol homopolymers, a polypropylene oxide/ethylene oxide co-polymer, polyoxyethylated polyols (e.g., glycerol) and polyvinyl alcohol, as well as mixtures of these polymers. Particularly preferred are peptibodies covalently modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) subunits. Water-soluble polymers may be bonded at specific positions, for example at the amino terminus of the peptibodies, or randomly attached to one or more side chains of the polypeptide. The use of PEG for improving the therapeutic capacity for binding agents, e.g. peptibodies, and for humanized antibodies in particular, is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,133,426 to Gonzales et al., issued Oct. 17, 2000.

[0224] The invention also contemplates derivatizing the peptide and/or vehicle portion of the myostatin binding agents. Such derivatives may improve the solubility, absorption, biological half-life, and the like of the compounds. The moieties may alternatively eliminate or attenuate any undesirable side-effect of the compounds and the like. Exemplary derivatives include compounds in which:

[0225] 1. The derivative or some portion thereof is cyclic. For example, the peptide portion may be modified to contain two or more Cys residues (e.g., in the linker), which could cyclize by disulfide bond formation.

[0226] 2. The derivative is cross-linked or is rendered capable of cross-linking between molecules. For example, the peptide portion may be modified to contain one Cys residue and thereby be able to form an intermolecular disulfide bond with a like molecule. The derivative may also be cross-linked through its C-terminus.

[0227] 3. One or more peptidyl [—C(O)NR—] linkages (bonds) is replaced by a non-peptidyl linkage. Exemplary non-peptidyl linkages are —CH₂-carbamate [—CH₂—OC(O)NR—], phosphonate, —CH₂-sulfonamide [—CH₂—S(O)₂NR—], urea [—NHC(O)NH—], —CH₂-secondary amine, and alkylated peptide [—C(O)NR₆— wherein R₆ is lower alkyl].

[0228] 4. The N-terminus is derivatized. Typically, the N-terminus may be acylated or modified to a substituted amine. Exemplary N-terminal derivative groups include —NRR₁ (other than —NH₂), —NRC(O)R₁, —NRC(O)OR₁, —NRS(O)₂R₁, —NHC(O)NHR₁, succinimide, or benzyloxycarbonyl-NH—(CBZ-NH—), wherein R and R1 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl and wherein the phenyl ring may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, chloro, and bromo.

[0229] 5. The free C-terminus is derivatized. Typically, the C-terminus is esterified or amidated. For example, one may use methods described in the art to add (NH—CH₂—CH₂—NH₂)₂ to compounds of this invention at the C-terminus. Likewise, one may use methods described in the art to add —NH₂, (or “capping” with an —NH₂ group) to compounds of this invention at the C-terminus. Exemplary C-terminal derivative groups include, for example, —C(O)R₂ wherein R₂ is lower alkoxy or —NR₃R₄ wherein R₃ and R₄ are independently hydrogen or C₁-C₈ alkyl (preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl).

[0230] 6. A disulfide bond is replaced with another, preferably more stable, cross-linking moiety (e.g., an alkylene). See, e.g., Bhatnagar et al., J Med Chem 39: 3814-9 (1996), Alberts et al., Thirteenth Am Pep Symp, 357-9 (1993).

[0231] 7. One or more individual amino acid residues is modified. Various derivatizing agents are known to react specifically with selected side chains or terminal residues, as described in detail below.

[0232] Lysinyl residues and amino terminal residues may be reacted with succinic or other carboxylic acid anhydrides, which reverse the charge of the lysinyl residues. Other suitable reagents for derivatizing alpha-amino-containing residues include imidoesters such as methyl picolinimidate; pyridoxal phosphate; pyridoxal; chloroborohydride; trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; O-methylisourea; 2,4 pentanedione; and transaminase-catalyzed reaction with glyoxylate.

[0233] Arginyl residues may be modified by reaction with any one or combination of several conventional reagents, including phenylglyoxal, 2,3-butanedione, 1,2-cyclohexanedione, and ninhydrin. Derivatization of arginyl residues requires that the reaction be performed in alkaline conditions because of the high pKa of the guanidine functional group. Furthermore, these reagents may react with the groups of lysine as well as the arginine epsilon-amino group.

[0234] Specific modification of tyrosyl residues has been studied extensively, with particular interest in introducing spectral labels into tyrosyl residues by reaction with aromatic diazonium compounds or tetranitromethane. Most commonly, N-acetylimidizole and tetranitromethane are used to form O-acetyl tyrosyl species and 3-nitro derivatives, respectively.

[0235] Carboxyl side chain groups (aspartyl or glutamyl) may be selectively modified by reaction with carbodiimides (R′—N═C═N—R′) such as 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinyl-(4-ethyl)carbodiimide or 1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide. Furthermore, aspartyl and glutamyl residues may be converted to asparaginyl and glutaminyl residues by reaction with ammonium ions.

[0236] Glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues may be deamidated to the corresponding glutamyl and aspartyl residues. Alternatively, these residues are deamidated under mildly acidic conditions. Either form of these residues falls within the scope of this invention.

[0237] Cysteinyl residues can be replaced by amino acid residues or other moieties either to eliminate disulfide bonding or, conversely, to stabilize cross-linking. See, e.g., Bhatnagar et al., (supra).

[0238] Derivatization with bifunctional agents is useful for cross-linking the peptides or their functional derivatives to a water-insoluble support matrix or to other macromolecular vehicles. Commonly used cross-linking agents include, e.g., 1,1-bis(diazoacetyl)-2-phenylethane, glutaraldehyde, N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, for example, esters with 4-azidosalicylic acid, homobifunctional imidoesters, including disuccinimidyl esters such as 3,3′-dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate), and bifunctional maleimides such as bis-N-maleimido-1,8-octane. Derivatizing agents such as methyl-3-[(p-azidophenyl)dithio]propioimidate yield photoactivatable intermediates that are capable of forming crosslinks in the presence of light. Alternatively, reactive water-insoluble matrices such as cyanogen bromide-activated carbohydrates and the reactive substrates described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,969,287; 3,691,016; 4,195,128; 4,247,642; 4,229,537; and 4,330,440 are employed for protein immobilization.

[0239] Carbohydrate(oligosaccharide) groups may conveniently be attached to sites that are known to be glycosylation sites in proteins. Generally, O-linked oligosaccharides are attached to serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues while N-linked oligosaccharides are attached to asparagine (Asn) residues when they are part of the sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr, where X can be any amino acid except proline. X is preferably one of the 19 naturally occurring amino acids other than proline. The structures of N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides and the sugar residues found in each type are different. One type of sugar that is commonly found on both is N-acetylneuraminic acid (referred to as sialic acid). Sialic acid is usually the terminal residue of both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides and, by virtue of its negative charge, may confer acidic properties to the glycosylated compound. Such site(s) may be incorporated in the linker of the compounds of this invention and are preferably glycosylated by a cell during recombinant production of the polypeptide compounds (e.g., in mammalian cells such as CHO, BHK, COS). However, such sites may further be glycosylated by synthetic or semi-synthetic procedures known in the art.

[0240] Other possible modifications include hydroxylation of proline and lysine, phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of seryl or threonyl residues, oxidation of the sulfur atom in Cys, methylation of the alpha-amino groups of lysine, arginine, and histidine side chains [see, for example, Creighton, Proteins: Structure and Molecule Properties (W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco), pp. 79-86 (1983)].

[0241] Compounds of the present invention may be changed at the DNA level, as well. The DNA sequence of any portion of the compound may be changed to codons more compatible with the chosen host cell. For E. coli, which is the preferred host cell, optimized codons are known in the art. Codons may be substituted to eliminate restriction sites or to include silent restriction sites, which may aid in processing of the DNA in the selected host cell. The vehicle, linker and peptide DNA sequences may be modified to include any of the foregoing sequence changes.

[0242] Additional derivatives include non-peptide analogs that provide a stabilized structure or lessened biodegradation, are also contemplated. Peptide mimetic analogs can be prepared based on a selected inhibitory peptide by replacement of one or more residues by nonpeptide moieties. Preferably, the nonpeptide moieties permit the peptide to retain its natural confirmation, or stabilize a preferred, e.g., bioactive, confirmation which retains the ability to recognize and bind myostatin. In one aspect, the resulting analog/mimetic exhibits increased binding affinity for myostatin. One example of methods for preparation of nonpeptide mimetic analogs from peptides is described in Nachman et al., Regul Pept 57:359-370 (1995). If desired, the peptides of the invention can be modified, for instance, by glycosylation, amidation, carboxylation, or phosphorylation, or by the creation of acid addition salts, amides, esters, in particular C-terminal esters, and N-acyl derivatives of the peptides of the invention. The peptibodies also can be modified to create peptide derivatives by forming covalent or noncovalent complexes with other moieties. Covalently-bound complexes can be prepared by linking the chemical moieties to functional groups on the side chains of amino acids comprising the peptibodies, or at the N— or C-terminus.

[0243] In particular, it is anticipated that the peptides can be conjugated to a reporter group, including, but not limited to a radiolabel, a fluorescent label, an enzyme (e.g., that catalyzes a colorimetric or fluorometric reaction), a substrate, a solid matrix, or a carrier (e.g., biotin or avidin). The invention accordingly provides a molecule comprising a peptibody molecule, wherein the molecule preferably further comprises a reporter group selected from the group consisting of a radiolabel, a fluorescent label, an enzyme, a substrate, a solid matrix, and a carrier. Such labels are well known to those of skill in the art, e.g., biotin labels are particularly contemplated. The use of such labels is well known to those of skill in the art and is described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.3,817,837; 3,850,752; 3,996,345; and 4,277,437. Other labels that will be useful include but are not limited to radioactive labels, fluorescent labels and chemiluminescent labels. U.S. Patents concerning use of such labels include, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,817,837; 3,850,752; 3,939,350; and 3,996,345. Any of the peptibodies of the present invention may comprise one, two, or more of any of these labels.

Methods of Making Peptides and Peptibodies

[0244] The peptides of the present invention can be generated using a wide variety of techniques known in the art. For example, such peptides can be synthesized in solution or on a solid support in accordance with conventional techniques. Various automatic synthesizers are commercially available and can be used in accordance with known protocols. See, for example, Stewart and Young (supra); Tam et al., J Am Chem Soc, 105:6442, (1983); Merrifield, Science 232:341-347 (1986); Barany and Merrifield, The Peptides, Gross and Meienhofer, eds, Academic Press, New York, 1-284; Barany et al., Int J Pep Protein Res, 30:705-739 (1987); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,398, each incorporated herein by reference.

[0245] Solid phase peptide synthesis methods use a copoly(styrene-divinylbenzene) containing 0.1-1.0 mM amines/g polymer. These methods for peptide synthesis use butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC) or 9-fluorenylmethyloxy-carbonyl(FMOC) protection of alpha-amino groups. Both methods involve stepwise syntheses whereby a single amino acid is added at each step starting from the C-terminus of the peptide (See, Coligan et al., Curr Prot Immunol, Wiley Interscience, 1991, Unit 9). On completion of chemical synthesis, the synthetic peptide can be deprotected to remove the t-BOC or FMOC amino acid blocking groups and cleaved from the polymer by treatment with acid at reduced temperature (e.g., liquid HF-10% anisole for about 0.25 to about 1 hours at 0° C.). After evaporation of the reagents, the peptides are extracted from the polymer with 1% acetic acid solution that is then lyophilized to yield the crude material. This can normally be purified by such techniques as gel filtration on Sephadex G-15 using 5% acetic acid as a solvent. Lyophilization of appropriate fractions of the column will yield the homogeneous peptides or peptide derivatives, which can then be characterized by such standard techniques as amino acid analysis, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, molar rotation, solubility, and quantitated by the solid phase Edman degradation.

[0246] Phage display techniques can be particularly effective in identifying the peptides of the present invention as described above. Briefly, a phage library is prepared (using e.g. ml 13, fd, or lambda phage), displaying inserts from 4 to about 80 amino acid residues. The inserts may represent, for example, a completely degenerate or biased array. Phage-bearing inserts that bind to the desired antigen are selected and this process repeated through several cycles of reselection of phage that bind to the desired antigen. DNA sequencing is conducted to identify the sequences of the expressed peptides. The minimal linear portion of the sequence that binds to the desired antigen can be determined in this way. The procedure can be repeated using a biased library containing inserts containing part or all of the minimal linear portion plus one or more additional degenerate residues upstream or downstream thereof. These techniques may identify peptides of the invention with still greater binding affinity for myostatin than agents already identified herein.

[0247] Regardless of the manner in which the peptides are prepared, a nucleic acid molecule encoding each such peptide can be generated using standard recombinant DNA procedures. The nucleotide sequence of such molecules can be manipulated as appropriate without changing the amino acid sequence they encode to account for the degeneracy of the nucleic acid code as well as to account for codon preference in particular host cells.

[0248] The present invention also provides nucleic acid molecules comprising polynucleotide sequences encoding the peptides and peptibodies of the present invention. These nucleic acid molecules include vectors and constructs containing polynucleotides encoding the peptides and peptibodies of the present invention, as well as peptide and peptibody variants and derivatives. Exemplary nucleic acid molecules are provided in the Examples below.

[0249] Recombinant DNA techniques also provide a convenient method for preparing full length peptibodies and other large polypeptide binding agents of the present invention, or fragments thereof. A polynucleotide encoding the peptibody or fragment may be inserted into an expression vector, which can in turn be inserted into a host cell for production of the binding agents of the present invention. Preparation of exemplary peptibodies of the present invention are described in Example 2 below.

[0250] A variety of expression vector/host systems may be utilized to express the peptides and peptibodies of the invention. These systems include but are not limited to microorganisms such as bacteria transformed with recombinant bacteriophage, plasmid or cosmid DNA expression vectors; yeast transformed with yeast expression vectors; insect cell systems infected with virus expression vectors (e.g., baculovirus); plant cell systems transfected with virus expression vectors (e.g., cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV; tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) or transformed with bacterial expression vectors (e.g., Ti or pBR322 plasmid); or animal cell systems. One preferred host cell line is E.coli strain 2596 (ATCC #202174), used for expression of peptibodies as described below in Example 2. Mammalian cells that are useful in recombinant protein productions include but are not limited to VERO cells, HeLa cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, COS cells (such as COS-7), W138, BHK, HepG2, 3T3, RIN, MDCK, A549, PC12, K562 and 293 cells.

[0251] The term “expression vector” refers to a plasmid, phage, virus or vector, for expressing a polypeptide from a polynucleotide sequence. An expression vector can comprise a transcriptional unit comprising an assembly of (1) a genetic element or elements having a regulatory role in gene expression, for example, promoters or enhancers, (2) a structural or sequence that encodes the binding agent which is transcribed into mRNA and translated into protein, and (3) appropriate transcription initiation and termination sequences. Structural units intended for use in yeast or eukaryotic expression systems preferably include a leader sequence enabling extracellular secretion of translated protein by a host cell. Alternatively, where recombinant protein is expressed without a leader or transport sequence, it may include an amino terminal methionyl residue. This residue may or may not be subsequently cleaved from the expressed recombinant protein to provide a final peptide product.

[0252] For example, the peptides and peptibodies may be recombinantly expressed in yeast using a commercially available expression system, e.g., the Pichia Expression System (Invitrogen, San Diego, Calif.), following the manufacturer's instructions. This system also relies on the pre-pro-alpha sequence to direct secretion, but transcription of the insert is driven by the alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter upon induction by methanol. The secreted peptide is purified from the yeast growth medium using the methods used to purify the peptide from bacterial and mammalian cell supernatants.

[0253] Alternatively, the cDNA encoding the peptide and peptibodies may be cloned into the baculovirus expression vector pVL1393 (PharMingen, San Diego, Calif.). This vector can be used according to the manufacturer's directions (PharMingen) to infect Spodoptera frugiperda cells in sF9 protein-free media and to produce recombinant protein. The recombinant protein can be purified and concentrated from the media using a heparin-Sepharose column (Pharmacia).

[0254] Alternatively, the peptide or peptibody may be expressed in an insect system. Insect systems for protein expression are well known to those of skill in the art. In one such system, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) can be used as a vector to express foreign genes in Spodoptera frugiperda cells or in Trichoplusia larvae. The peptide coding sequence can be cloned into a nonessential region of the virus, such as the polyhedrin gene, and placed under control of the polyhedrin promoter. Successful insertion of the peptide will render the polyhedrin gene inactive and produce recombinant virus lacking coat protein coat. The recombinant viruses can be used to infect S. frugiperda cells or Trichoplusia larvae in which the peptide is expressed (Smith et al., J Virol 46: 584 (1983); Engelhard et al., Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA) 91: 3224-7 (1994)).

[0255] In another example, the DNA sequence encoding the peptide can be amplified by PCR and cloned into an appropriate vector for example, pGEX-3X (Pharmacia). The pGEX vector is designed to produce a fusion protein comprising glutathione-S-transferase (GST), encoded by the vector, and a protein encoded by a DNA fragment inserted into the vector's cloning site. The primers for PCR can be generated to include for example, an appropriate cleavage site. Where the fusion moiety is used solely to facilitate expression or is otherwise not desirable as an attachment to the peptide of interest, the recombinant fusion protein may then be cleaved from the GST portion of the fusion protein. The pGEX-3X/specific binding agent peptide construct is transformed into E. coli XL-1 Blue cells (Stratagene, La Jolla Calif.), and individual transformants isolated and grown. Plasmid DNA from individual transformants can be purified and partially sequenced using an automated sequencer to confirm the presence of the desired specific binding agent encoding nucleic acid insert in the proper orientation.

[0256] The fusion protein, which may be produced as an insoluble inclusion body in the bacteria, can be purified as follows. Host cells are collected by centrifugation; washed in 0.15 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris, pH 8, 1 mM EDTA; and treated with 0.1 mg/ml lysozyme (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) for 15 minutes at room temperature. The lysate can be cleared by sonication, and cell debris can be pelleted by centrifugation for 10 minutes at 12,000×g. The fusion protein-containing pellet can be resuspended in 50 mM Tris, pH 8, and 10 mM EDTA, layered over 50% glycerol, and centrifuged for 30 min. at 6000×g. The pellet can be resuspended in standard phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) free of Mg++ and Ca++. The fusion protein can be further purified by fractionating the resuspended pellet in a denaturing SDS-PAGE (Sambrook et al., supra). The gel can be soaked in 0.4 M KCl to visualize the protein, which can be excised and electroeluted in gel-running buffer lacking SDS. If the GST/fusion protein is produced in bacteria as a soluble protein, it can be purified using the GST Purification Module (Pharmacia).

[0257] The fusion protein may be subjected to digestion to cleave the GST from the peptide of the invention. The digestion reaction (2040 mg fusion protein, 20-30 units human thrombin (4000 U/mg, Sigma) in 0.5 ml PBS can be incubated 16-48 hrs at room temperature and loaded on a denaturing SDS-PAGE gel to fractionate the reaction products. The gel can be soaked in 0.4 M KCl to visualize the protein bands. The identity of the protein band corresponding to the expected molecular weight of the peptide can be confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis using an automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems Model 473A, Foster City, Calif.). Alternatively, the identity can be confirmed by performing HPLC and/or mass spectometry of the peptides.

[0258] Alternatively, a DNA sequence encoding the peptide can be cloned into a plasmid containing a desired promoter and, optionally, a leader sequence (Better et al., Science 240:1041-43 (1988)). The sequence of this construct can be confirmed by automated sequencing. The plasmid can then be transformed into E. coli strain MC1061 using standard procedures employing CaCl2 incubation and heat shock treatment of the bacteria (Sambrook et al., supra). The transformed bacteria can be grown in LB medium supplemented with carbenicillin, and production of the expressed protein can be induced by growth in a suitable medium. If present, the leader sequence can effect secretion of the peptide and be cleaved during secretion.

[0259] Mammalian host systems for the expression of recombinant peptides and peptibodies are well known to those of skill in the art. Host cell strains can be chosen for a particular ability to process the expressed protein or produce certain post-translation modifications that will be useful in providing protein activity. Such modifications of the protein include, but are not limited to, acetylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, lipidation and acylation. Different host cells such as CHO, HeLa, MDCK, 293, WI38, and the like have specific cellular machinery and characteristic mechanisms for such post-translational activities and can be chosen to ensure the correct modification and processing of the introduced, foreign protein.

[0260] It is preferable that transformed cells be used for long-term, high-yield protein production. Once such cells are transformed with vectors that contain selectable markers as well as the desired expression cassette, the cells can be allowed to grow for 1-2 days in an enriched media before they are switched to selective media. The selectable marker is designed to allow growth and recovery of cells that successfully express the introduced sequences. Resistant clumps of stably transformed cells can be proliferated using tissue culture techniques appropriate to the cell line employed.

[0261] A number of selection systems can be used to recover the cells that have been transformed for recombinant protein production. Such selection systems include, but are not limited to, HSV thymidine kinase, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase genes, in tk-, hgprt- or aprt-cells, respectively. Also, anti-metabolite resistance can be used as the basis of selection for dhfr which confers resistance to methotrexate; gpt which confers resistance to mycophenolic acid; neo which confers resistance to the aminoglycoside G418 and confers resistance to chlorsulfuron; and hygro which confers resistance to hygromycin. Additional selectable genes that may be useful include trpB, which allows cells to utilize indole in place of tryptophan, or hisD, which allows cells to utilize histinol in place of histidine. Markers that give a visual indication for identification of transformants include anthocyanins, β-glucuronidase and its substrate, GUS, and luciferase and its substrate, luciferin.

Purification and Refolding of Binding Agents

[0262] In some cases, the binding agents such as the peptides and/or peptibodies of this invention may need to be “refolded” and oxidized into a proper tertiary structure arid disulfide linkages generated in order to be biologically active. Refolding can be accomplished using a number of procedures well known in the art. Such methods include, for example, exposing the solubilized polypeptide agent to a pH usually above 7 in the presence of a chaotropic agent. The selection of chaotrope is similar to the choices used for inclusion body solubilization, however a chaotrope is typically used at a lower concentration. Exemplary chaotropic agents are guanidine and urea. In most cases, the refolding/oxidation solution will also contain a reducing agent plus its oxidized form in a specific ratio to generate a particular redox potential which allows for disulfide shuffling to occur for the formation of cysteine bridges. Some commonly used redox couples include cysteine/cystamine, glutathione/dithiobisGSH, cupric chloride, dithiothreitol DTT/dithiane DTT, and 2-mercaptoethanol (bME)/dithio-bME. In many instances, a co-solvent may be used to increase the efficiency of the refolding. Commonly used cosolvents include glycerol, polyethylene glycol of various molecular weights, and arginine.

[0263] It may be desirable to purify the peptides and peptibodies of the present invention. Protein purification techniques are well known to those of skill in the art. These techniques involve, at one level, the crude fractionation of the proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous fractions. Having separated the peptide and/or peptibody from other proteins, the peptide or polypeptide of interest can be further purified using chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques to achieve partial or complete purification (or purification to homogeneity). Analytical methods particularly suited to the preparation of peptibodies and peptides or the present invention are ion-exchange chromatography, exclusion chromatography; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; isoelectric focusing. A particularly efficient method of purifying peptides is fast protein liquid chromatography or eyen HPLC.

[0264] Certain aspects of the present invention concern the purification, and in particular embodiments, the substantial purification, of a peptibody or peptide of the present invention. The term “purified peptibody or peptide” as used herein, is intended to refer to a composition, isolatable from other components, wherein the peptibody or peptide is purified to any degree relative to its naturally-obtainable state. A purified peptide or peptibody therefore also refers to a peptibody or peptide that is free from the environment in which it may naturally occur.

[0265] Generally, “purified” will refer to a peptide or peptibody composition that has been subjected to fractionation to remove various other components, and which composition substantially retains its expressed biological activity. Where the term “substantially purified” is used, this designation will refer to a peptide or peptibody composition in which the peptibody or peptide forms the major component of the composition, such as constituting about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 95% or more of the proteins in the composition.

[0266] Various methods for quantifying the degree of purification of the peptide or peptibody will be known to those of skill in the art in light of the present disclosure. These include, for example, determining the specific binding activity of an active fraction, or assessing the amount of peptide or peptibody within a fraction by SDS/PAGE analysis. A preferred method for assessing the purity of a peptide or peptibody fraction is to calculate the binding activity of the fraction, to compare it to the binding activity of the initial extract, and to thus calculate the degree of purification, herein assessed by a “-fold purification number.” The actual units used to represent the amount of binding activity will, of course, be dependent upon the particular assay technique chosen to follow the purification and whether or not the peptibody or peptide exhibits a detectable binding activity.

[0267] Various techniques suitable for use in purification will be well known to those of skill in the art. These include, for example, precipitation with ammonium sulphate, PEG, antibodies (immunoprecipitation) and the like or by heat denaturation, followed by centrifugation; chromatography steps such as affinity chromatography (e.g., Protein-A-Sepharose), ion exchange, gel filtration, reverse phase, hydroxylapatite and affinity chromatography; isoelectric focusing; gel electrophoresis; and combinations of such and other techniques. As is generally known in the art, it is believed that the order of conducting the various purification steps may be changed, or that certain steps may be omitted, and still result in a suitable method for the preparation of a substantially purified binding agent.

[0268] There is no general requirement that the binding agents of the present invention always be provided in their most purified state. Indeed, it is contemplated that less substantially purified binding agent products will have utility in certain embodiments. Partial purification may be accomplished by using fewer purification steps in combination, or by utilizing different forms of the same general purification scheme. For example, it is appreciated that a cation-exchange column chromatography performed utilizing an HPLC apparatus will generally result in a greater “-fold” purification than the same technique utilizing a low-pressure chromatography system. Methods exhibiting a lower degree of relative purification may have advantages in total recovery of the peptide or peptibody, or in maintaining binding activity of the peptide or peptibody.

[0269] It is known that the migration of a peptide or polypeptide can vary, sometimes significantly, with different conditions of SDS/PAGE (Capaldi et al., Biochem Biophys Res Comm, 76: 425 (1977)). It will therefore be appreciated that under differing electrophoresis conditions, the apparent molecular weights of purified or partially purified binding agent expression products may vary.

Activity of Myostatin Binding Agents

[0270] After the construction of the binding agents of the present invention, they are tested for their ability to bind myostatin and inhibit or block myostatin activity. Any number of assays or animal tests may be used to determine the ability of the agent to inhibit or block myostatin activity. Several assays used for characterizing the peptides and peptibodies of the present invention are described in the Examples below. One assay is the C2C12 pMARE-luc assay which makes use of a myostatin-responsive cell line (C2C12 myoblasts) transfected with a luciferase reporter vector containing myostatin/activin response elements (MARE). Exemplary peptibodies are assayed by pre-incubating a series of peptibody dilutions with myostatin, and then exposing the cells to the incubation mixture. The resulting luciferase activity is determined, and a titration curve is generated from the series of peptibody dilutions. The IC₅₀ (the concentration of peptibody to achieve 50% inhibition of myostatin activity as measured by luciferase activity) was then determined. A second assay described below is a BIAcore® assay to determine the kinetic parameters k_(a) (association rate constant), k_(d) (dissociation rate constant), and K_(D) (dissociation equilibrium constant) for the myostatin binding agents. Lower dissociation equilibrium constants (K_(D), expressed in nM) indicated a greater affinity of the peptibody for myostatin. Additional assays include blocking assays, to determine whether a binding agent such as a peptibody is neutralizing (prevents binding of myostatin to its receptor), or non-neutralizing (does not prevent binding of myostatin to its receptor); selectivity assays, which determine if the binding agents of the present invention bind selectively to myostatin and not to other TGFβ family members; and KinEx A™ assays or solution-based equilibrium assays, which also determine K_(D) and are considered to be more sensitive in some circumstances. These assays are described in Example 3.

[0271]FIG. 1 shows the IC₅₀ of a peptide compared with the IC₅₀ of the peptibody form of the peptide. This demonstrates that the peptibody is significantly more effective at inhibiting myostatin activity than the peptide alone. In addition, affinity-matured peptibodies generally exhibit improved IC₅₀ and K_(D) values compared with the parent peptides and peptibodies. The IC₅₀ values for a number of exemplary affinity matured peptibodies are shown in Table VII, Example 7 below. Additionally, in some instances, making a 2× version of a peptibody, where two peptides are attached in tandem, increase the activity of the peptibody both in vitro and in vivo.

[0272] In vivo activities are demonstrated in the Examples below. The activities of the binding agents include anabolic acitivity increasing lean muscle mass in animal models, as well as decreasing the fat mass with respect to total body weight in treated animal models, and increasing muscular strength in animal models.

Uses of the Myostatin Binding Agents

[0273] The myostatin binding agents of the present invention bind to myostatin and block or inhibit myostatin signaling within targeted cells. The present invention provides methods and reagents for reducing the amount or activity of myostatin in an animal by administering an effective dosage of one or more myostatin binding agents to the animal. In one aspect, the present invention provides methods and reagents for treating myostatin-related disorders in an animal comprising administering an effective dosage of one or more binding agents to the animal. These myostatin-related disorders include but are not limited to various forms of muscle wasting, as well as metabolic disorders such as diabetes and related disorders, and bone degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis.

[0274] As shown in the Example 8 below, exemplary peptibodies of the present invention dramatically increases lean muscle mass in the CD1 nu/nu mouse model. This in vivo activity correlates to the in vitro binding and inhibitory activity described below for the same peptibodies.

[0275] Muscle wasting disorders include dystrophies such as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, progressive muscular dystrophy, Becker's type muscular dystrophy, Dejerine-Landouzy muscular dystrophy, Erb's muscular dystrophy, and infantile neuroaxonal muscular dystrophy. For example, blocking myostatin through use of antibodies in vivo improved the dystrophic phenotype of the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Bogdanovich et al, Nature 420, 28 (2002)). The peptibodies of the present invention increase lean muscle mass as a percentage of body weight and decreases fat mass as, percentage of body weight when administered to an aged mdx mouse model.

[0276] Additional muscle wasting disorders arise from chronic disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, AIDS, renal failure, and rheumatoid arthritis. For example, cachexia or muscle wasting and loss of body weight was induced in athymic nude mice by a systemically administered myostatin (Zimmers et al., supra). In another example, serum and intramuscular concentrations of myostatin-immunoreactive protein was found to be increased in men exhibiting AIDS-related muscle wasting and was inversely related to fat-free mass (Gonzalez-Cadavid et al., PNAS USA 95: 14938-14943 (1998)). Additional conditions resulting in muscle wasting may arise from inactivity due to disability such as confinement in a wheelchair, prolonged bedrest due to stroke, illness, spinal chord injury, bone fracture or trauma, and muscular atrophy in a microgravity environment (space flight). For example, plasma myostatin immunoreactive protein was found to increase after prolonged bedrest (Zachwieja et al. J Gravit Physiol. 6(2): 11(1999). It was also found that the muscles of rats exposed to a microgravity environment during a space shuttle flight expressed an increased amount of myostatin compared with the muscles of rats which were not exposed (Lalani et al., J.Endocrin 167 (3):417-28 (2000)).

[0277] In addition, age-related increases in fat to muscle ratios, and age-related muscular atrophy appear to be related to myostatin. For example, the average serum myostatin-immunoreactive protein increased with age in groups of young (19-35 yr old), middle-aged (36-75 yr old), and elderly (76-92 yr old) men and women, while the average muscle mass and fat-free mass declined with age in these groups (Yarasheski et al. J Nutr Aging 6(5):343-8 (2002)). It has also been shown that myostatin gene knockout in mice increased myogenesis and decreased adipogenesis (Lin et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 291(3):701-6 (2002), resulting in adults with increased muscle mass and decreased fat accumulation and leptin secretion. Exemplary peptibodies improve the lean muscle mass to fat ratio in aged mdx mice as shown below.

[0278] In addition, myostatin has now been found to be expressed at low levels in heart muscle and expression is upregulated after cardiomyocytes after infarct (Sharma et al., J Cell Physiol. 180 (1):1-9 (1999)). Therefore, reducing myostatin levels in the heart muscle may improve recovery of heart muscle after infarct.

[0279] Myostatin also appears to influence metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and obesity. For example, lack of myostatin has been shown to improve the obese and diabetic phenotypes of two mouse models (Yen et al. supra). It has been demonstrated in the Examples below that decreasing myostatin activity by administering the inhibitors of the present invention will decreases the fat to muscle ratio in an animal, including aged animal models. Therefore, decreasing fat composition by administering the inhibitors of the present invention will improve diabetes, obesity, and hyperglycemic conditions in animals.

[0280] In addition, increasing muscle mass by reducing myostatin levels may improve bone strength and reduce osteoporosis and other degenerative bone diseases. It has been found, for example, that myostatin-deficient mice showed increased mineral content and density of the mouse humerus and increased mineral content of both trabecular and cortical bone at the regions where the muscles attach, as well as increased muscle mass (Hamrick et al. Calcif Tissue Int 71(1):63-8 (2002)).

[0281] The present invention also provides methods and reagents for increasing muscle mass in food animals by administering an effective dosage of the myostatin binding agent to the animal. Since the mature C-terminal myostatin polypeptide is identical in all species tested, myostatin binding agents would be expected to be effective for increasing muscle mass and reducing fat in any agriculturally important species including cattle, chicken, turkeys, and pigs.

[0282] The binding agents of the present invention may be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents to enhance their therapeutic effects or decrease potential side effects. The binding agents of the present invention possess one or more desirable but unexpected combination of properties to improve the therapeutic value of the agents. These properties include increased activity, increased solubility, reduced degradation, increased half-life, reduced toxicity, and reduced immunogenicity. Thus the binding agents of the present invention are useful for extended treatment regimes. In addition, the properties of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the compounds of the invention are well balanced, thereby enhancing their utility for both in vitro and especially in vivo uses. Specifically, compounds of the invention have an appropriate degree of solubility in aqueous media that permits absorption and bioavailability in the body, while also having a degree of solubility in lipids that permits the compounds to traverse the cell membrane to a putative site of action, such as a particular muscle mass.

[0283] The binding agents of the present invention are useful for treating a “subject” or any animal, including humans, when administered in an effective dosages in a suitable composition.

[0284] In addition, the mystatin binding agents of the present invention are useful for detecting and quantitating myostatin in a number of assays. These assays are described in more detail below.

[0285] In general, the binding agents of the present invention are useful as capture agents to bind and immobilize myostatin in a variety of assays, similar to those described, for example, in Asai, ed., Methods in Cell Biology, 37, Antibodies in Cell Biology, Academic Press, Inc., New York (1993). The binding agent may be labeled in some manner or may react with a third molecule such as an anti-binding agent antibody which is labeled to enable myostatin to be detected and quantitated. For example, a binding agent or a third molecule can be modified with a detectable moiety, such as biotin, which can then be bound by a fourth molecule, such as enzyme-labeled streptavidin, or other proteins. (Akerstrom, J Immunol 135:2589 (1985); Chaubert, Mod Pathol 10:585 (1997)).

[0286] Throughout any particular assay, incubation and/or washing steps may be required after each combination of reagents. Incubation steps can vary from about 5 seconds to several hours, preferably from about 5 minutes to about 24 hours. However, the incubation time will depend upon the assay format, volume of solution, concentrations, and the like. Usually, the assays will be carried out at ambient temperature, although they can be conducted over a range of temperatures.

[0287] Non-Competitive Binding Assays:

[0288] Binding assays can be of the non-competitive type in which the amount of captured myostatin is directly measured. For example, in one preferred “sandwich” assay, the binding agent can be bound directly to a solid substrate where it is immobilized. These immobilized agents then bind to myostatin present in the test sample. The immobilized myostatin is then bound with a labeling agent, such as a labeled antibody against myostatin, which can be detected In another preferred “sandwich” assay, a second agent specific for the binding agent can be added which contains a detectable moiety, such as biotin, to which a third labeled molecule can specifically bind, such as streptavidin. (See, Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Ch 14, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY (1988), which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0289] Competitive Binding Assays:

[0290] Binding assays can be of the competitive type. The amount of myostatin present in the sample is measured indirectly by measuring the amount of myostastin displaced, or competed away, from a binding agent by the myostatin present in the sample. In one preferred competitive binding assay, a known amount of myostastin, usually labeled, is added to the sample and the sample is then contacted with the binding agent. The amount of labeled myostastin bound to the binding agent is inversely proportional to the concentration of myostastin present in the sample. (following the protocols found in, for example Harlow and Lane, Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual, Ch 14, pp. 579-583, supra).

[0291] In another preferred competitive binding assay, the binding agent is immobilized on a solid substrate. The amount of myostastin bound to the binding agent may be determined either by measuring the amount of myostatin present in a myostatin/binding agent complex, or alternatively by measuring the amount of remaining uncomplexed myostatin.

[0292] Other Binding Assays

[0293] The present invention also provides Western blot methods to detect or quantify the presence of myostatin in a sample. The technique generally comprises separating sample proteins by gel electrophoresis on the basis of molecular weight and transferring the proteins to a suitable solid support, such as nitrocellulose filter, a nylon filter, or derivatized nylon filter. The sample is incubated with the binding agents or fragments thereof that bind myostatin and the resulting complex is detected. These binding agents may be directly labeled or alternatively may be subsequently detected using labeled antibodies that specifically bind to the binding agent.

Diagnostic Assays

[0294] The binding agents or fragments thereof of the present invention may be useful for the diagnosis of conditions or diseases characterized by increased amounts of myostatin. Diagnostic assays for high levels of myostatin include methods utilizing a binding agent and a label to detect myostatin in human body fluids, extracts of cells or specific tissue extracts. For example, serum levels of myostatin may be measured in an individual overtime to determine the onset of muscle wasting associated with aging or inactivity, as described, for example, in Yarasheski et al., supra. Increased myostatin levels were shown to correlate with average decreased muscle mass and fat-free mass in groups of men and women of increasing ages (Yarasheski et al., supra). The binding agents of the present invention may be useful for monitoring increases or decreases in the levels of myostatin with a given individual over time, for example. The binding agents can be used in such assays with or without modification. In a preferred diagnostic assay, the binding agents will be labeled by attaching, e.g., a label or a reporter molecule. A wide variety of labels and reporter molecules are known, some of which have been already described herein. In particular, the present invention is useful for diagnosis of human disease.

[0295] A variety of protocols for measuring myostatin proteins using binding agents of myostatin are known in the art. Examples include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA) and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS).

[0296] For diagnostic applications, in certain embodiments the binding agents of the present invention typically will be labeled with a detectable moiety. The detectable moiety can be any one that is capable of producing, either directly or indirectly, a detectable signal. For example, the detectable moiety may be a radioisotope, such as ³H, ¹⁴C, ³²P, ³⁵S, or ¹²⁵I, a fluorescent or chemiluminescent compound, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, or luciferin; or an enzyme, such as alkaline phosphatase, βgalactosidase, or horseradish peroxidase (Bayer et al., Meth Enz, 184: 138 (1990)).

Pharmaceutical Compositions

[0297] Pharmaceutical compositions of myostatin binding agents such as peptibodies described herein are within the scope of the present invention. Such compositions comprise a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a myostatin binding agent, fragment, variant, or derivative thereof as described herein, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable agent. In a preferred embodiment, pharmaceutical compositions comprise antagonist binding agents that inhibit myostatin partially or completely in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable agent. Typically, the myostastin binding agents will be sufficiently purified for administration to an animal.

[0298] The pharmaceutical composition may contain formulation materials for modifying, maintaining or preserving, for example, the pH, osmolarity, viscosity, clarity, color, isotonicity, odor, sterility, stability, rate of dissolution or release, adsorption or penetration of the composition. Suitable formulation materials include, but are not limited to, amino acids (such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine); antimicrobials; antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid, sodium sulfite or sodium hydrogen-sulfite); buffers (such as borate, bicarbonate, Tris-HCl, citrates, phosphates, other organic acids); bulking agents (such as mannitol or glycine), chelating agents (such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)); complexing agents (such as caffeine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, beta-cyclodextrin or hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin); fillers; monosaccharides; disaccharides and other carbohydrates (such as glucose, mannose, or dextrins); proteins (such as serum albumin, gelatin or immunoglobulins); coloring; flavoring and diluting agents; emulsifying agents; hydrophilic polymers (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone); low molecular weight polypeptides; salt-forming counterions (such as sodium); preservatives (such as benzalkonium chloride, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, thimerosal, phenethyl alcohol, methylparaben, propylparaben, chlorhexidine, sorbic acid or hydrogen peroxide); solvents (such as glycerin, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol); sugar alcohols (such as mannitol or sorbitol); suspending agents; surfactants or wetting agents (such as pluronics, PEG, sorbitan esters, polysorbates such as polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, triton, tromethamine, lecithin, cholesterol, tyloxapal); stability enhancing agents (sucrose or sorbitol); tonicity enhancing agents (such as alkali metal halides (preferably sodium or potassium chloride, mannitol sorbitol); delivery vehicles; diluents; excipients and/or pharmaceutical adjuvants. (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18^(th) Edition, A. R. Gennaro, ed., Mack Publishing Company, 1990).

[0299] The optimal pharmaceutical composition will be determined by one skilled in the art depending upon, for example, the intended route of administration, delivery format, and desired dosage. See for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, supra. Such compositions may influence the physical state, stability, rate of in vivo release, and rate of in vivo clearance of the binding agent.

[0300] The primary vehicle or carrier in a pharmaceutical composition may be either aqueous or non-aqueous in nature. For example, a suitable vehicle or carrier may be water for injection, physiological saline solution or artificial cerebrospinal fluid, possibly supplemented with other materials common in compositions for parenteral administration. Neutral buffered saline or saline mixed with serum albumin are further exemplary vehicles. Other exemplary pharmaceutical compositions comprise Tris buffer of about pH 7.0-8.5, or acetate buffer of about pH 4.0-5.5, which may further include sorbitol or a suitable substitute therefore. In one embodiment of the present invention, binding agent compositions may be prepared for storage by mixing the selected composition having the desired degree of purity with optional formulation agents (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, supra) in the form of a lyophilized cake or an aqueous solution. Further, the binding agent product may be formulated as a lyophilizate using appropriate excipients such as sucrose.

[0301] The pharmaceutical compositions can be selected for parenteral delivery. Alternatively, the compositions may be selected for inhalation or for enteral delivery such as orally, aurally, opthalmically, rectally, or vaginally. The preparation of such pharmaceutically acceptable compositions is within the skill of the art.

[0302] The formulation components are present in concentrations that are acceptable to the site of administration. For example, buffers are used to maintain the composition at physiological pH or at slightly lower pH, typically within a pH range of from about 5 to about 8.

[0303] When parenteral administration is contemplated, the therapeutic compositions for use in this invention may be in the form of a pyrogen-free, parenterally acceptable aqueous solution comprising the desired binding agent in a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. A particularly suitable vehicle for parenteral injection is sterile distilled water in which a binding agent is formulated as a sterile, isotonic solution, properly preserved. Yet another preparation can involve the formulation of the desired molecule with an agent, such as injectable microspheres, bio-erodible particles, polymeric compounds (polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid), beads, or liposomes, that provides for the controlled or sustained release of the product which may then be delivered via a depot injection. Hyaluronic acid may also be used, and this may have the effect of promoting sustained duration in the circulation. Other suitable means for the introduction of the desired molecule include implantable drug delivery devices.

[0304] In another aspect, pharmaceutical formulations suitable for parenteral administration may be formulated in aqueous solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks' solution, ringer's solution, or physiologically buffered saline. Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances that increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran. Additionally, suspensions of the active compounds may be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils, such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate, triglycerides, or liposomes. Non-lipid polycationic amino polymers may also be used for delivery. Optionally, the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents to increase the solubility of the ompounds and allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition may be formulated for inhalation. For example, a binding agent may be formulated as a dry powder for inhalation. Polypeptide or nucleic acid molecule inhalation solutions may also be formulated with a propellant for aerosol delivery. In yet another embodiment, solutions may be nebulized. Pulmonary administration is further described in PCT Application No. PCT/US94/001875, which describes pulmonary delivery of chemically modified proteins.

[0305] It is also contemplated that certain formulations may be administered orally. In one embodiment of the present invention, binding agent molecules that are administered in this fashion can be formulated with or without those carriers customarily used in the compounding of solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. For example, a capsule may be designed to release the active portion of the formulation at the point in the gastrointestinal tract when bioavailability is maximized and pre-systemic degradation is minimized. Additional agents can be included to facilitate absorption of the binding agent molecule. Diluents, flavorings, low melting point waxes, vegetable oils, lubricants, suspending agents, tablet disintegrating agents, and binders may also be employed.

[0306] Pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration can also be formulated using pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well known in the art in dosages suitable for oral administration. Such carriers enable the pharmaceutical compositions to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions, and the like, for ingestion by the patient.

[0307] Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained through combining active compounds with solid excipient and processing the resultant mixture of granules (optionally, after grinding) to obtain tablets or dragee cores. Suitable auxiliaries can be added, if desired. Suitable excipients include carbohydrate or protein fillers, such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, and sorbitol; starch from corn, wheat, rice, potato, or other plants; cellulose, such as methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, or sodium carboxymethylcellulose; gums, including arabic and tragacanth; and proteins, such as gelatin and collagen. If desired, disintegrating or solubilizing agents may be added, such as the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, and alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate.

[0308] Dragee cores may be used in conjunction with suitable coatings, such as concentrated sugar solutions, which may also contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for product identification or to characterize the quantity of active compound, i.e., dosage.

[0309] Pharmaceutical preparations that can be used orally also include push-fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a coating, such as glycerol or sorbitol. Push-fit capsules can contain active ingredients mixed with fillers or binders, such as lactose or starches, lubricants, such as talc or magnesium stearate, and, optionally, stabilizers. In soft capsules, the active compounds may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid, or liquid polyethylene glycol with or without stabilizers.

[0310] Another pharmaceutical composition may involve an effective quantity of binding agent in a mixture with non-toxic excipients that are suitable for the manufacture of tablets. By dissolving the tablets in sterile water, or other appropriate vehicle, solutions can be prepared in unit dose form. Suitable excipients include, but are not limited to, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, lactose, or calcium phosphate; or binding agents, such as starch, gelatin, or acacia; or lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, or talc.

[0311] Additional pharmaceutical compositions will be evident to those skilled in the art, including formulations involving binding agent molecules in sustained- or controlled-delivery formulations. Techniques for formulating a variety of other sustained- or controlled-delivery means, such as liposome carriers, bio-erodible microparticles or porous beads and depot injections, are also known to those skilled in the art. See for example, PCT/US93/00829 that describes controlled release of porous polymeric microparticles for the delivery of pharmaceutical compositions. Additional examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable polymer matrices in the form of shaped articles, e.g. films, or microcapsules. Sustained release matrices may include polyesters, hydrogels, polylactides (U.S. Pat. No. 3,773,919, EP 58,481), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma ethyl-L-glutamate (Sidman et al., Biopolymers, 22:547-556 (1983), poly (2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate) (Langer et al., J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 15:167-277, (1981); Langer et al., Chem. Tech., 12:98-105(1982)), ethylene vinyl acetate (Langer et al., supra) or poly-D(−)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (EP 133,988). Sustained-release compositions also include liposomes, which can be prepared by any of several methods known in the art. See e.g., Eppstein et al.,PNAS (USA), 82:3688 (1985); EP 36,676; EP 88,046; EP 143,949.

[0312] The pharmaceutical composition to be used for in vivo administration typically must be sterile. This may be accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes. Where the composition is lyophilized, sterilization using this method may be conducted either prior to or following lyophilization and reconstitution. The composition for parenteral administration may be stored in lyophilized form or in solution. In addition, parenteral compositions generally are placed into a container having a sterile access port, for example, an intravenous solution bag or vial having a stopper pierceable by a hypodermic injection needle.

[0313] Once the pharmaceutical composition has been formulated, it may be stored in sterile vials as a solution, suspension, gel, emulsion, solid, or a dehydrated or lyophilized powder. Such formulations may be stored either in a ready-to-use form or in a form (e.g., lyophilized) requiring reconstitution prior to administration.

[0314] In a specific embodiment, the present invention is directed to kits for producing a single-dose administration unit. The kits may each contain both a first container having a dried protein and a second container having an aqueous formulation. Also included within the scope of this invention are kits containing single and multi-chambered pre-filled syringes (e.g., liquid syringes and lyosyringes).

[0315] An effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition to be employed therapeutically will depend, for example, upon the therapeutic context and objectives. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the appropriate dosage levels for treatment will thus vary depending, in part, upon the molecule delivered, the indication for which the binding agent molecule is being used, the route of administration, and the size (body weight, body surface or organ size) and condition (the age and general health) of the patient. Accordingly, the clinician may titer the dosage and modify the route of administration to obtain the optimal therapeutic effect. A typical dosage may range from about 0.1mg/kg to up to about 100 mg/kg or more, depending on the factors mentioned above. In other embodiments, the dosage may range from 0.1 mg/kg up to about 100 mg/kg; or 1 mg/kg up to about 100 mg/kg; or 5 mg/kg up to about 100 mg/kg.

[0316] For any compound, the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially either in cell culture assays or in animal models such as mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, or monkeys. An animal model may also be used to determine the appropriate concentration range and route of administration. Such information can then be used to determine useful doses and routes for administration in humans.

[0317] The exact dosage will be determined in light of factors related to the subject requiring treatment. Dosage and administration are adjusted to provide sufficient levels of the active compound or to maintain the desired effect. Factors that may be taken into account include the severity of the disease state, the general health of the subject, the age, weight, and gender of the subject, time and frequency of administration, drug combination(s); reaction sensitivities, and response to therapy. Long-acting pharmaceutical compositions may be administered every 3 to 4 days, every week, or biweekly depending on the half-life and clearance rate of the particular formulation.

[0318] The frequency of dosing will depend upon the pharmacokinetic parameters of the binding agent molecule in the formulation used. Typically, a composition is administered until a dosage is reached that achieves the desired effect. The composition may therefore be administered as a single dose, or as multiple doses (at the same or different concentrations/dosages) over time, or as a continuous infusion. Further refinement of the appropriate dosage is routinely made. Appropriate dosages may be ascertained through use of appropriate dose-response data.

[0319] The route of administration of the pharmaceutical composition is in accord with known methods, e.g. orally, through injection by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracerebral (intra-parenchymal), intracerebroventricular, intramuscular, intra-ocular, intraarterial, intraportal, intralesional routes, intramedullary, intrathecal, intraventricular, transdermal, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, enteral, topical, sublingual, urethral, vaginal, or rectal means, by sustained release systems or by implantation devices. Where desired, the compositions may be administered by bolus injection or continuously by infusion, or by implantation device.

[0320] Alternatively or additionally, the composition may be administered locally via implantation of a membrane, sponge, or another appropriate material on to which the desired molecule has been absorbed or encapsulated. Where an implantation device is used, the device may be implanted into any suitable tissue or organ, and delivery of the desired molecule may be via diffusion, timed-release bolus, or continuous administration.

[0321] In some cases, it may be desirable to use pharmaceutical compositions in an ex vivo manner. In such instances, cells, tissues, or organs that have been removed from the patient are exposed to the pharmaceutical compositions after which the cells, tissues and/or organs are subsequently implanted back into the patient.

[0322] In other cases, a binding agent of the present invention such as a peptibody can be delivered by implanting certain cells that have been genetically engineered, using methods such as those described herein, to express and secrete the polypeptide. Such cells may be animal or human cells, and may be autologous, heterologous, or xenogeneic. Optionally, the cells may be immortalized. In order to decrease the chance of an immunological response, the cells may be encapsulated to avoid infiltration of surrounding tissues. The encapsulation materials are typically biocompatible, semi-permeable polymeric enclosures or membranes that allow the release of the protein product(s) but prevent the destruction of the cells by the patient's immune system or by other detrimental factors from the surrounding tissues.

[0323] Pharmaceutical compositions containing the binding agents of the present invention are administered to a subject to treat any myostatin-related disorders. These include muscle-wasting disorders including but not limited to muscular dystrophy, muscle wasting in cancer, AIDS, muscle atrophy, rheumatoid arthritis, renal failure/uremia, chronic heart failure, prolonged bed-rest, spinal chord injury, stroke, and aging related sarcopenia. In addition these compositions are administed to treat obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and increase bone density,

[0324] The invention having been described, the following examples are offered by way of illustration, and not limitation.

EXAMPLE 1 Identification of Myostatin-Binding Peptides

[0325] Three filamentous phage libraries, TN8-IX (5×10⁹ independent transformants), TN12-I (1.4×10⁹ independent transformants), and linear (2.3×10⁹ independent transformants) (Dyax Corp.) were used to select for myostatin binding phage. Each library was incubated on myostatin-coated surfaces and subjected to different panning conditions: non-specific elution, and specific elution using recombinant human activin receptor IIB/Fc chimera (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.), or myostastin propeptide elution as described below. For all three libraries, the phages were eluted in a non-specific manner for the first round of selection, while the receptor and promyostatin was used in the second and third rounds of selection. The selection procedures were carried out as described below.

[0326] Preparation of Myostatin

[0327] Myostatin protein was produced recombinantly in the E.coli K-12 strain 2596 (ATCC #202174) as follows. Polynucleotides encoding the human promyostatin molecule were cloned into the pAMG21 expression vector (ATCC No. 98113), which was derived from expression vector pCFM1656 (ATCC No. 69576) and the expression vector system described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,473, by following the procedure described in published International Patent Application WO 00/24782. The polynucleotides encoding promyostatin were obtained from a mammalian expression vector. The coding region was amplified using a standard PCR method and the following PCR primers to introduce the restriction site for NdeI and BamHI.

[0328] 5′ primer: 5′-GAGAGAGAGCATATGAATGAGAACAGTGAGCAAAAAG-3′ (Seq ID No: 292)

[0329] 3′ primer: 5′-AGAGAGGGATCCATTATGAGCACCCACAGCGGTC-3′ (Seq ID No: 293)

[0330] The PCR product and vector were digested with both enzymes, mixed and ligated. The product of the ligation was transformed into E. coli strain #2596. Single colonies were checked microscopically for recombinant protein expression in the form of inclusion bodies. The plasmid was isolated and sequenced through the coding region of the recombinant gene to verify genetic fidelity.

[0331] Bacterial paste was generated from a 10 L fermentation using a batch method at 37° C. The culture was induced with HSL at a cell density of 9.6 OD₆₀₀ and harvested six hours later at a density of 104 OD₆₀₀. The paste was stored at −80° C. E.coli paste expressing promyostatin was lysed in a microfluidizer at 16,000 psi, centrifuged to isolate the insoluble inclusion body fraction. Inclusion bodies were resuspended in guanidine hydrochloride containing dithiothreitol and solubilized at room temperature. This was then diluted 30 fold in an aqueous buffer. The refolded promyostatin was then concentrated and buffer exchanged into 20 mM Tris pH 8.0, and applied to an anion exchange column. The anion exchange column was eluted with an increasing sodium chloride gradient. The fractions containing promyostatin were pooled. The promyostatin produced in E.coli is missing the first 23 amino acids and begins with a methionine before the residue 24 asparagine. To produce mature myostatin, the pooled promyostatin was enzymatically cleaved between the propeptide and mature myostatin C terminal. The resulting mixture was then applied to a C4-rpHPLC column using a increasing gradient of acetonitrile containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Fractions containing mature myostatin were pooled and dried in a speed-vac.

[0332] The recombinant mature myostatin produced from E. coli was tested in the myoblast C2C12 based assay described below and found to be fully active when compared with recombinant murine myostatin commercially produced in a mammalian cell system (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.). The E.coli-produced mature myostatin was used in the phage-display and screening assays described below.

[0333] Preparation of Myostatin-Coated Tubes

[0334] Myostatin was immobilized on 5 ml Immuno™ Tubes (NUNC) at a concentration of 8 ug of myostatin protein in 1 ml of 0.1M sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.6). The myostatin-coated Immuno™ Tube was incubated with orbital shaking for 1 hour at room temperature. Myostatin-coated Immuno™ Tube was then blocked by adding 5 ml of 2% milk-PBS and incubating at room temperature for 1 hour with rotation. The resulting myostatin-coated Immuno™ Tube was then washed three times with PBS before being subjected to the selection procedures. Additional Immuno™ Tubes were also prepared for negative selections (no myostatin). For each panning condition, five to ten Immuno™ Tubes were subjected to the above procedure except that the Immuno™ Tubes were coated with 1 ml of 2% BSA-PBS instead of myostatin protein.

[0335] Negative Selection

[0336] For each panning condition, about 100 random library equivalents for TN8-1X and TN12-I libraries (5×10¹¹ pfu for TN8-IX, and 1.4×10¹¹ pfu for TN12-I) and about 10 random library equivalents for the linear library (2.3×10¹⁰ pfu) were aliquoted from the library stock and diluted to 1 ml with PBST (PBS with 0.05% Tween-20). The 1 ml of diluted library stock was added to an Immuno™ Tube prepared for the negative selection, and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature with orbital shaking. The phage supernatant was drawn out and added to the second Immuno™ Tube for another negative selection step. In this way, five to ten negative selection steps were performed.

[0337] Selection for Myostatin Binding

[0338] After the last negative selection step above, the phage supernatant was added to the prepared myostatin coated Immuno™ Tubes. The Immuno™ Tube was incubated with orbital shaking for one hour at room temperature, allowing specific phage to bind to myostatin. After the supernatant was discarded, the Immuno™ Tube was washed about 15 times with 2% milk-PBS, 10 times with PBST and twice with PBS for the three rounds of selection with all three libraries (TN8-IX, TN12-I, and Linear libraries) except that for the second round of selections with TN8-IX and TN12-I libraries, the Immuno™ Tube was washed about 14 times with 2% milk-PBS, twice with 2% BSA-PBS, 10 times with PBST and once with PBS.

[0339] Non-Specific Elution

[0340] After the last washing step, the bound phages were eluted from the Immuno™ Tube by adding 1 ml of 100 mM triethylamine solution (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) with 10-minute incubation with orbital shaking. The pH of the phage containing solution was then neutralized with 0.5 ml of 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.5).

[0341] Receptor (Human Activin Receptor) Elution of Bound Phase

[0342] For round 2 and 3, after the last washing step, the bound phages were eluted from the Immuno™ Tube by adding 1 ml of 1 μM of receptor protein (recombinant human activin receptor IIB/Fc chimera, R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.) with a 1-hour incubation for each condition.

[0343] Propeptide Elution of Bound Phage

[0344] For round 2 and 3, after the last washing step, the bound phages were eluted from the Immuno™ Tube by adding 1 ml of 1 μM propeptide protein (made as described above) with a 1-hour incubation for each condition.

[0345] Phage Amplification

[0346] Fresh E.coli. (XL-1 Blue MRF′) culture was grown to OD₆₀₀=0.5 in LB media containing 12.5 ug/ml tetracycline. For each panning condition, 20 ml of this culture was chilled on ice and centrifuged. The bacteria pellet was resuspended in 1 ml of the min A salts solution.

[0347] Each mixture from different elution methods was added to a concentrated bacteria sample and incubated at 37° C. for 15 minutes. 2 ml of NZCYM media (2×NZCYM, 50 ug/ml Ampicillin) was added to each mixture and incubated at 37° C. for 15 minutes. The resulting 4 ml solution was plated on a large NZCYM agar plate containing 50 ug/ml ampicillin and incubated overnight at 37° C.

[0348] Each of the bacteria/phage mixture that was grown overnight on a large NZCYM agar plate was scraped off in 35 ml of LB media, and the agar plate was further rinsed with additional 35 ml of LB media. The resulting bacteria/phage mixture in LB media was centrifuged to pellet the bacteria away. 50 ul of the phage supernatant was transferred to a fresh tube, and 12.5 ml of PEG solution (20% PEG8000, 3.5M ammonium acetate) was added and incubated on ice for 2 hours to precipitate phages. The precipitated phages were centrifuged down and resuspended in 6 ml of the phage resuspension buffer (250 mM NaCl, 100 mM Tris pH8, 1 mM EDTA). This phage solution was further purified by centrifuging away the remaining bacteria and precipitating the phage for the second time by adding 1.5 ml of the PEG solution. After a centrifugation step, the phage pellet was resuspended in 400 ul of PBS. This solution was subjected to a final centrifugation to rid of remaining bacteria debris. The resulting phage preparation was titered by a standard plaque formation assay (Molecular Cloning, Maniatis et al., 3^(rd) Edition).

[0349] Additional Rounds of Selection and Amplification

[0350] In the second round, the amplified phage (10¹¹ pfu) from the first round was used as the input phage to perform the selection and amplification steps. The amplified phage (10¹¹ pfu) from the second round in turn was used as the input phage to perform third round of selection and amplification. After the elution steps of the third round, a small fraction of the eluted phage was plated out as in the plaque formation assay above. Individual plaques were picked and placed into 96 well microtiter plates containing 100 ul of TE buffer in each well. These master plates were incubated at 4° C. overnight to allow phages to elute into the TE buffer.

Clonal Analysis

[0351] Phase ELISA

[0352] The phage clones were subjected to phage ELISA and then sequenced. The sequences were ranked as discussed below.

[0353] Phage ELISA was performed as follows. An E. Coli XL-1 Blue MRF′ culture was grown until OD₆₀₀ reached 0.5. 30 ul of this culture was aliquoted into each well of a 96 well microtiter plate. 10 ul of eluted phage was added to each well and allowed to infect bacteria for 15 min at room temperature. About 120 ul of LB media containing 12.5 ug/ml of tetracycline and 50 ug/ml of ampicillin were added to each well. The microtiter plate was then incubated with shaking overnight at 37° C. Myostatin protein (2 ug/ml in 0.1M sodium carbonate buffer, pH 9.6) was allowed to coat onto a 96 well Maxisorp™ plates (NUNC) overnight at 4° C. As a control, a separate Maxisorp™ plate was coated with 2% BSA prepared in PBS.

[0354] On the following day, liquid in the protein coated Maxisorp™ plates was discarded, washed three times with PBS and each well was blocked with 300 ul of 2% milk solution at room temperature for 1 hour. The milk solution was discarded, and the wells were washed three times with the PBS solution. After the last washing step, about 50 ul of PBST-4% milk was added to each well of the protein-coated Maxisorp™ plates. About 50 ul of overnight cultures from each well in the 96 well microtiter plate was transferred to the corresponding wells of the myostatin coated plates as well as the control 2% BSA coated plates. The 100 ul mixture in the two kinds of plates were incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. The liquid was discarded from the Maxisorp™ plates, and the wells were washed about three times with PBST followed by two times with PBS. The HRP-conjugated anti-M13 antibody (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) was diluted to about 1:7,500, and 100 ul of the diluted solution was added to each well of the Maxisorp™ plates for 1 hour incubation at room temperature. The liquid was again discarded and the wells were washed about three times with PBST followed by two time with PBS. 100 ul of LumiGlo™ Cheminluminescent substrate (KPL) was added to each well of the Maxisorp™ plates and incubated for about 5 minutes for reaction to occur. The chemiluminescent unit of the Maxisorp™ plates was read on a plate reader (Lab System).

[0355] Sequencing of the Phase Clones

[0356] For each phage clone, the sequencing template was prepared by a PCR method. The following oligonucleotide pair was used to amplify a 500 nucleotide fragment: primer #1: 5′-CGGCGCAACTATGGTATCAAGCTG-3′ (Seq ID No: 294) and primer #2: 5′-CATGTACCGTAACACTGAGTTTCGTC-3′ (Seq ID No: 295). The following mixture was prepared for each clone. Volume Reagents (μL)/tube distilled H₂O 26.25 50% glycerol 10 10× PCR Buffer (w/o MgCl₂) 5 25 mM MgCl₂ 4 10 mM dNTP mix 1 100 μM primer 1 0.25 100 μM primer 2 0.25 Taq polymerase 0.25 Phage in TE (section 4) 3 Final reaction volume 50

[0357] A thermocycler (GeneAmp PCR System 9700, Applied Biosystem) was used to run the following program: [94° C. for 5 min; 94° C. for 30 sec, 55° C. for 30 sec, 72° C. for 45 sec.]×30 cycles; 72° C. for 7 min; cool to 4° C. The PCR product from each reaction was cleaned up using the QIAquick Multiwell PCR Purification kit (Qiagen), following the manufacturer's protocol. The PCR cleaned up product was checked by running 10 ul of each PCR reaction mixed with 1 ul of dye (10×BBXS agarose gel loading dye) on a 1% agarose gel. The remaining product was then sequenced using the ABI 377 Sequencer (Perkin Elmer) following the manufacturer recommended protocol.

[0358] Sequence Ranking and Analysis

[0359] The peptide sequences that were translated from the nucleotide sequences were correlated to ELISA data. The clones that showed high chemiluminescent units in the myostatin-coated wells and low chemiluminescent units in the 2% BSA-coated wells were identified. The sequences that occurred multiple times were identified. Candidate sequences chosen based on these criteria were subjected to further analysis as peptibodies. Approximately 1200 individual clones were analyzed. Of these approximately 132 peptides were chosen for generating the peptibodies of the present invention. These are shown in Table I below. The peptides having SEQ ID NO: 1 to 129 were used to generate peptibodies of the same name. The peptides having SEQ ID NO: 130 to 141 shown in Table 1 comprise two or more peptides from SEQ ID NO: 1 to 132 attached by a linker sequence. SEQ ID NO: 130 to 141 were also used to generate peptibodies of the same name.

[0360] Consensus sequences were determined for the TN-8 derived group of peptides. These are as follows: KDXCXXWHWMCKPX (Seq ID No: 142) WXXCXXXGFWCXNX (Seq ID No: 143) IXGCXWWDXXCYXX (Seq ID No: 144) XXWCVSPXWFCXXX (Seq ID No: 145) XXXCPWFAXXCVDW (Seq ID No: 146)

[0361] For all of the above consensus sequences, the underlined “core sequences” from each consensus sequence are the amino acid which always occur at that position. “X” refers to any naturally occurring or modified amino acid. The two cysteines contained with the core sequences were fixed amino acids in the TN8-IX library. TABLE I PEPTIBODY NAME SEQ.ID No PEPTIDE SEQUENCE Myostatin-TN8-Con1 1 KDKCKMWHWMCKPP Myostatin-TN8-Con2 2 KDLCAMWHWMCKPP Myostatin-TN8-Con3 3 KDLCKMWKWMCKPP Myostatin-TN8-Con4 4 KDLCKMWHWMCKPK Myostatin-TN8-Con5 5 WYPCYEFHFWCYDL Myostatin-TN8-Con6 6 WYPCYEGHFWCYDL Myostatin-TN8-Con7 7 IFGCKWWDVQCYQF Myostatin-TN8-Con8 8 IFGCKWWDVDCYQF Myostatin-TN8-Con9 9 ADWCVSPNWFCMVM Myostatin-TN8-Con10 10 HKFCPWWALFCWDF Myostatin-TN8-1 11 KDLCKMWHWMGKPP Myostatin-TN8-2 12 IDKCAIWGWMCPPL Myostatin-TN8-3 13 WYPCGEFGMWCLNV Myostatin-TN8-4 14 WFTCLWNCDNE Myostatin-TN8-5 15 HTPCPWFAPLCVEW Myostatin-TN8-6 16 KEWCWRWKWMCKPE Myostatin-TN8-7 17 FETCPSWAYFCLDI Myostatin-TN8-8 18 AYKCEANDWGCWWL Myostatin-TN8-9 19 NSWCEDQWHRCWWL Myostatin-TN8-10 20 WSACYAGHFWCYDL Myostatin-TN8-11 21 ANWCVSPNWFCMVM Myostatin-TN8-12 22 WTECYQQEFWCWNL Myostatin-TN8-13 23 ENTCERWKWMCPPK Myostatin-TN8-14 24 WLPCHQEGFWCMNF Myostatin-TN8-15 25 STMCSQWHWMCNPF Myostatin-TN8-16 26 IFGCHWWDVDCYQF Myostatin-TN8-17 27 IYGCKWWDIQCYDI Myostatin-TN8-18 28 PDWCIDPDWWCKFW Myostatin-TN8-19 29 QGHCTRWPWMCPPY Myostatin-TN8-20 30 WQECYREGFWCLQT Myostatin-TN8-21 31 WFDCYGPGFKCWSP Myostatin-TN8-22 32 GVRCPKGHLWCLYP Myostatin-TN8-23 33 HWACGYWPWSCKWV Myostatin-TN8-24 34 GPACHSPWWWCVFG Myostatin-TN8-25 35 TTWCISPMWFCSQQ Myostatin-TN8-26 36 HKFCPPWAIFCWDF Myostatin-TN8-27 37 PDWCVSPRWYCNMW Myostatin-TN8-28 38 VWKCHWFGMDCEPT Myostatin-TN8-29 39 KKHCQIWTWMCAPK Myostatin-TN8-30 40 WFQCGSTLFWCYNL Myostatin-TN8-31 41 WSPCYDHYFYCYTI Myostatin-TN8-32 42 SWMCGFFKEVCMWV Myostatin-TN8-33 43 EMLCMIHPVFCNPH Myostatin-TN8-34 44 LKTCNLWPWMCPPL Myostatin-TN8-35 45 VVGCKWYEAWCYNK Myostatin-TN8-36 46 PIHCTQWAWMCPPT Myostatin-TN8-37 47 DSNCPWYFLSCVIF Myostatin-TN8-38 48 HIWCNLAMMKCVEM Myostatin-TN8-39 49 NLQCIYFLGKCIYF Myostatin-TN8-40 50 AWRCMWFSDVCTPG Myostatin-TN8-41 51 WFRCFLDADWCTSV Myostatin-TN8-42 52 EKICQMWSWMCAPP Myostatin-TN8-43 53 WFYCHLNKSECTEP Myostatin-TN8-44 54 FWRCAIGIDKCKRV Myostatin-TN8-45 55 NLGCKWYEVWCFTY Myostatin-TN8-46 56 IDLCNMWDGMCYPP Myostatin-TN8-47 57 EMPCNIWGWMCPPV Myostatin-TN12-1 58 WFRCVLTGIVDWSECFGL Myostatin-TN12-2 59 GFSCTFGLDEFYVDCSPF Myostatin-TN12-3 60 LPWCHDQVNADWGFCMLW Myostatin-TN12-4 61 YPTCSEKFWIYGQTCVLW Myostatin-TN12-5 62 LGPCPIHHGPWPQYCVYW Myostatin-TN12-6 63 PFPCETHQISWLGHCLSF Myostatin-TN12-7 64 HWGCEDLMWSWHPLCRRP Myostatin-TN12-8 65 LPLCDADMMPTIGFCVAY Myostatin-TN12-9 66 SHWCETTFWMNYAKCVHA Myostatin-TN12-10 67 LPKCTHVPFDQGGFCLWY Myostatin-TN12-11 68 FSSCWSPVSRQDMFCVFY Myostatin-TN12-13 69 SHKCEYSGWLQPLCYRP Myostatin-TN12-14 70 PWWCQDNYVQHMLHCDSP Myostatin-TN12-15 71 WFRCMLMNSFDAFQCVSY Myostatin-TN12-16 72 PDACRDQPWYMFMGCMLG Myostatin-TN12-17 73 FLACFVEFELCFDS Myostatin-TN12-18 74 SAYCIITESDPYVLCVPL Myostatin-TN12-19 75 PSICESYSTMWLPMCQHN Myostatin-TN12-20 76 WLDCHDDSWAWTKMCRSH Myostatin-TN12-21 77 YLNCVMMNTSPFVECVFN Myostatin-TN12-22 78 YPWCDGFMIQQGITCMFY Myostatin-TN12-23 79 FDYCTWLNGFKDWKCWSR Myostatin-TN12-24 80 LPLCNLKEISHVQACVLF Myostatin-TN12-25 81 SPECAFARWLGIEQCQRD Myostatin-TN12-26 82 YPQCFNLHLLEWTECDWF Myostatin-TN12-27 83 RWRCEIYDSEFLPKCWFF Myostatin-TN12-28 84 LVGCDNVWHRCKLF Myostatin-TN12-29 85 AGWCHVWGEMFGMGCSAL Myostatin-TN12-30 86 HHECEWMARWMSLDCVGL Myostatin-TN12-31 87 FPMCGIAGMKDFDFCVWY Myostatin-TN12-32 88 RDDCTFWPEWLWKLCERP Myostatin-TN12-33 89 YNFCSYLFGVSKEACQLP Myostatin-TN12-34 90 AHWCEQGPWRYGNICMAY Myostatin-TN12-35 91 NLVCGKISAWGDEACARA Myostatin-TN12-36 92 HNVCTIMGPSMKWFCWND Myostatin-TN12-37 93 NDLCAMWGWRNTIWCQNS Myostatin-TN12-38 94 PPFCQNDNDMLQSLCKLL Myostatin-TN12-39 95 WYDCNVPNELLSGLCRLF Myostatin-TN12-40 96 YGDCDQNHWMWPFTCLSL Myostatin-TN12-41 97 GWMCHFDLHDWGATCQPD Myostatin-TN12-42 98 YFHCMFGGHEFEVHCESF Myostatin-TN12-43 99 AYWCWHGQCVRF Myostatin-Linear-1 100 SEHWTFTDWDGNEWWVRPF Myostatin-Linear-2 101 MEMLDSLFELLKDMVPISKA Myostatin-Linear-3 102 SPPEEALMEWLGWQYGKFT Myostatin-Linear-4 103 SPENLLNDLYILMTKQEWYG Myostatin-Linear-5 104 FHWEEGIPFHVVTPYSYDRM Myostatin-Linear-6 105 KRLLEQFMNDLAELVSGHS Myostatin-Linear-7 106 DTRDALFQEFYEFVRSRLVI Myostatin-Linear-8 107 RMSAAPRPLTYRDIMDQYWH Myostatin-Linear-9 108 NDKAHFFEMFMFDVHNFVES Myostatin-Linear-10 109 QTQAQKIDGLWELLQSIRNQ Myostatin-Linear-11 110 MLSEFEEFLGNLVHRQEA Myostatin-Linear-12 111 YTPKMGSEWTSFWHNRIHYL Myostatin-Linear-13 112 LNDTLLRELKMVLNSLSDMK Myostatin-Linear-14 113 FDVERDLMRWLEGFMQSAAT Myostatin-Linear-15 114 HHGWNYLRKGSAPQWFEAWV Myostatin-Linear-16 115 VESLHQLQMWLDQKLASGPH Myostatin-Linear-17 116 RATLLKDFWQLVEGYGDN Myostatin-Linear-18 117 EELLREFYRFVSAFDY Myostatin-Linear-19 118 GLLDEFSHFIAEQFYQMPGG Myostatin-Linear-20 119 YREMSMLEGLLDVLERLQHY Myostatin-Linear-21 120 HNSSQMLLSELIMLVGSMMQ Myostatin-Linear-22 121 WREHFLNSDYIRDKLIAIDG Myostatin-Linear-23 122 QFPFYVFDDLPAQLEYWIA Myostatin-Linear-24 123 EFFHWLHNHRSEVNHWLDMN Myostatin-Linear-25 124 EALFQNFFRDVLTLSEREY Myostatin-Linear-26 125 QYWEQQWMTYFRENGLHVQY Myostatin-Linear-27 126 NQRMMLEDLWRIMTPMFGRS Myostatin-Linear-29 127 FLDELKAELSRHYALDDLDE Myostatin-Linear-30 128 GKLIEGLLNELMQLETFMPD Myostatin-Linear-31 129 ILLLDEYKKDWKSWF Myostatin-2xTN8-19 kc 130 QGHCTRWPWMCPPYGSGSATGGS GSTASSGSGSATGQGHCTRWPWM CPPY Myostatin-2xTN8-con6 131 WYPCYEGHFWCYDLGSGSTASSG SGSATGWYPCYEGHFWCYDL Myostatin-2xTN8-5 kc 132 HTPCPWFAPLCVEWGSGSATGGSG STASSGSGSATGHTPCPWFAPLCV EW Myostatin-2xTN8-18 kc 133 PDWCIDPDWWCKFWGSGSATGGS GSTASSGSGSATGPDWCIDPDWW CKFW Myostatin-2xTN8-11 kc 134 ANWCVSPNWFCMVMGSGSATGG SGSTASSGSGSATGANWCVSPNWF CMVM Myostatin-2xTN8-25 kc 135 PDWCIDPDWWCKFWGSGSATGGS GSTASSGSGSATGPDWCIDPDWW CKFW Myostatin-2xTN8-23 kc 136 HWACGYWPWSCKWVGSGSATGG SGSTASSGSGSATGHWACGYWPW SCKWV Myostatin-TN8-29-19 kc 137 KKHCQIWTWMCAPKGSGSATGGS GSTASSGSGSATGQGHCTRWPWM CPPY Myostatin-TN8-19-29 kc 138 QGHCTRWPWMCPPYGSGSATGGS GSTASSGSGSATGKKHCQIWTWM CAPK Myostatin-TN8-29-19 kn 139 KKHCQIWTWMCAPKGSGSATGGS GSTASSGSGSATGQGHCTRWPWM CPPY Myostatin-TN8-29-19-8g 140 KKHCQIWTWMCAPKGGGGGGGG QGHCTRWPWMCPPY Myostatin-TN8-19-29-6gc 141 QGHCTRWPWMCPPYGGGGGGKK HCQIWTWMCAPK

EXAMPLE 2 Generating Peptibodies

[0362] Construction of DNA Encoding Peptide-Fc Fusion Proteins

[0363] Peptides capable of binding myostatin were used alone or in combination with each other to construct fusion proteins in which a peptide was fused to the Fc domain of human IgG1. The amino acid sequence of the Fc portion of each peptibody is as follows (from amino terminus to carboxyl terminus): DKTHTCPPCPAPELLGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDV (Seq ID No: 296) SHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVL HQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPS RDELTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVL DSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLS LSPGK

[0364] The peptide was fused in the N configuration (peptide was attached to the N-terminus of the Fc region), the C configuration (peptide was attached to the C-terminus of the Fc region), or the N,C configuration (peptide attached both at the N and C terminus of the Fc region). Separate vectors were used to express N-terminal fusions and C-terminal fusions. Each peptibody was constructed by annealing pairs of oligonucleotides (“oligos”) to the selected phage nucleic acid to generate a double stranded nucleotide sequence encoding the peptide. These polynucleotide molecules were constructed as ApaL to XhoI fragments. The fragments were ligated into either the pAMG21-Fc N-terminal vector for the N-terminal orientation, or the pAMG21-Fc-C-terminal vector for the C-terminal orientation which had been previously digested with ApaLI and XhoI. The resulting ligation mixtures were transformed by electroporation into E. coli strain 2596 or 4167 cells (a hsdR- variant of strain 2596 cells) using standard procedures. Clones were screened for the ability to produce the recombinant protein product and to possess the gene fusion having a correct nucleotide sequence. A single such clone was selected for each of the modified peptides.

[0365] Many of constructs were created using an alternative vector designated pAMG21-2xBs-N(ZeoR)Fc. This vector is simlar to the above-described vector except that the vector digestion was performed with BsmBI. Some constructs fused peptide sequences at both ends of the Fc. In those cases the vector was a composite of pAMG21-2xBs-N(ZeoR) Fc and pAMG21-2xBs-C-Fc.

[0366] Construction of pAMG21

[0367] Expression plasmid pAMG21 (ATCC No. 98113) is derived from expression vector pCFM1656 (ATCC No. 69576) and the expression vector system described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,473, by following the procedure described in published International Patent Application WO 00/24782, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0368] Fc N-terminal Vector

[0369] The Fc N-terminal vector was constructed using the pAMG21 Fc_Gly5_Tpo vector as a template. A 5′ PCR primer (below) was designed to remove the Tpo peptide sequence in pAMG Tpo Gly5 and replace it with a polylinker containing ApaLI and XhoI sites. Using this vector as a template, PCR was performed with Expand Long Polymerase, using the following 5′ primer and a universal 3′ primer: 5′ primer: 5′-ACAAACAAACATATGGGTGCACAGAAAGCGGCCGCAAAAAAA (Seq ID No: 297) CTCGAGGGTGGAGGCGGTGGGGACA-3′ 3′ primer: 5′-GGTCATTACTGGACCGGATC-3′ (Seq ID No: 298)

[0370] The resulting PCR product was gel purified and digested with restriction enzymes NdeI and BsrGI. Both the plasmid and the polynucleotide encoding the peptide of interest together with its linker were gel purified using Qiagen (Chatsworth, Calif.) gel purification spin columns. The plasmid and insert were then ligated using standard ligation procedures, and the resulting ligation mixture was transformed into E. coli cells (strain 2596). Single clones were selected and DNA sequencing was performed. A correct clone was identified and this was used as a vector source for the modified peptides described herein.

[0371] Construction of Fc C-terminal Vector

[0372] The Fc C-terminal vector was constructed using pAMG21 Fc_Gly5_Tpo vector as a template. A 3′ PCR primer was designed to remove the Tpo peptide sequence and to replace it with a polylinker containing ApaLI and XhoI sites. PCR was performed with Expand Long Polymerase using a universal 5′ primer and the 3′ primer. 5′ Primer: 5′-CGTACAGGTTTACGCAAGAAAATGG-3′ (Seq ID No: 299) 3′ Primer: 5′-TTTGTTGGATCCATTACTCGAGTTTTTTTGCGGCCGCT (Seq ID No: 300) TTCTGTGCACCACCACCTCCACCTTTAC-3′

[0373] The resulting PCR product was gel purified and digested with restriction enzymes BsrGI and BamHI. Both the plasmid and the polynucleotide encoding each peptides of interest with its linker were gel purified via Qiagen gel purification spin columns. The plasmid and insert were then ligated using standard ligation procedures, and the resulting ligation mixture was transformed into E. coli (strain 2596) cells. Strain 2596 (ATCC #202174) is a strain of E. coli K-12 modified to contain the lux promoter and two lambda temperature sensitive repressors, the cI857s7 and the lac I^(Q) repressor. Single clones were selected and DNA sequencing was performed. A correct clone was identified and used as a source of each peptibody described herein.

[0374] Expression in E. coli.

[0375] Cultures of each of the pAMG21-Fc fusion constructs in E. coli strain 2596 were grown at 37° C. in Terrific Broth medium (See Tartof and Hobbs, “Improved media for growing plasmid and cosmid clones”, Bethesda Research Labs Focus, Volume 9, page 12, 1987, cited in aforementioned Sambrook et al. reference). Induction of gene product expression from the luxPR promoter was achieved following the addition of the synthetic autoinducer, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-DL-homoserine lactone, to the culture medium to a final concentration of 20 nanograms per milliliter (ng/ml). Cultures were incubated at 37° C. for an additional six hours. The bacterial cultures were then examined by microscopy for the presence of inclusion bodies and collected by centrifugation. Refractile inclusion bodies were observed in induced cultures, indicating that the Fc-fusions were most likely produced in the insoluble fraction in E. coli. Cell pellets were lysed directly by resuspension in Laemmli sample buffer containing 10% β-mercaptoethanol and then analyzed by SDS-PAGE. In most cases, an intense coomassie-stained band of the appropriate molecular weight was observed on an SDS-PAGE gel.

[0376] Folding and Purifying Peptibodies

[0377] Cells were broken in water (1/10 volume per volume) by high pressure homogenization (3 passes at 15,000 PSI) and inclusion bodies were harvested by centrifugation (4000 RPM in J-6B for 30 minutes). Inclusion bodies were solubilized in 6 M guanidine, 50 mM Tris, 8 mM DTT, pH 8.0 for 1 hour at a 1/10 ratio at ambient temperature. The solubilized mixture was diluted 25 times into 4 M urea, 20% glycerol, 50 mM Tris, 160 mM arginine, 3 mM cysteine, 1 mM cystamine, pH 8.5. The mixture was incubated overnight in the cold. The mixture was then dialyzed against 10 mM Tris pH 8.5, 50 mM NaCl, 1.5 M urea. After an overnight dialysis the pH of the dialysate was adjusted to pH 5 with acetic acid. The precipitate was removed by centrifugation and the supernatant was loaded onto a SP-Sepharose Fast Flow column equilibrated in 10 mM NaAc, 50 mM NaCl, pH 5, 4° C.). After loading the column was washed to baseline with 10 mM NaAc, 50 mM NaCl, pH 5.2. The column was developed with a 20 column volume gradient from 50 mM-500 mM NaCl in the acetate buffer. Alternatively, after the wash to baseline, the column was washed with 5 column volumes of 10 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.0 and the column developed with a 15 column volume gradient from 0-400 mM NaCl in phosphate buffer. Column fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Fractions containing dimeric peptibody were pooled. Fractions were also analyzed by gel filtration to determine if any aggregate was present.

[0378] A number of peptibodies were prepared from the peptides of Table I. The peptides were attached to the human IgG1 Fc molecule to form the peptibodies in Table II. Regarding the peptibodies in Table II, the C configuration indicates that the peptide named was attached at the C-termini of the Fc. The N configuration indicates that the peptide named was attached at the N-termini of the Fc. The N,C configuration indicates that one peptide was attached at the N-termini and one at the C-termini of each Fc molecule. The 2× designation indicates that the two peptides named were attached in tandem to each other and also attached at the N or the C termini, or both the N,C of the Fc, separated by the linker indicated. Two peptides attached in tandem separated by a linker, are indicated, for example, as Myostatin-TN8-29-19-8 g, which indicates that TN8-29 peptide is attached via a (gly)₈ linker to TN8-19 peptide. The peptide(s) were attached to the Fc via a (gly)₅ linker sequence unless otherwise specified. In some instances the peptide(s) were attached via a k linker. The linker designated k or 1 k refers to the gsgsatggsgstassgsgsatg (Seq ID No: 301) linker sequence, with kc referring to the linker attached to the C-terminus of the Fc, and kn referring to the linker attached to the N-terminus of the Fc. In Table II below, column 4 refers to the linker sequence connecting the Fc to the first peptide and the fifth column refers to the configuration N or C or both.

[0379] Since the Fc molecule dimerizes in solution, a peptibody constructed so as to have one peptide will actually be a dimer with two copies of the peptide and two Fc molecules, and the 2× version having two peptides in tandem will actually be a dimer with four copies of the peptide and two Fc molecules.

[0380] Since the peptibodies given in Table II are expressed in E. coli, the first amino acid residue is Met (M). Therefore, the peptibodies in the N configuration are Met-peptide-linker-Fc, or Met-peptide-linker-peptide-linker-Fc, for example. Peptibodies in the C configuration are arranged as Met-Fc-linker-peptide or Met-Fc-linker-peptide-linker-peptide, for example. Peptibodies in the C,N configuration are a combination of both, for example, Met-peptide-linker-Fc-linker-peptide.

[0381] Nucleotide sequences encoding exemplary peptibodies are provided below in Table II. The polynucleotide sequences encoding an exemplary peptibody of the present invention includes a nucleotide sequence encoding the Fc polypeptide sequence such as the following: 5′-GACAAAACTCACACATGTCCACCTTGCCCAGCACCTGAACTC (Seq ID No: 301) CTGGGGGGACCGTCAGTTTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCCTCA TGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCCACG AAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGCATA ATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGTGTG GTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAGTAC AAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCCCCATCGAGAAAACCATC TCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCCCCA TCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTCAAA GGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAGCCG GAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCCTTCT TCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGGAACG TCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGCAGAA GAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAA-3′

[0382] In addition, the polynucleotides encoding the ggggg linker such as the following are included: 5′-GGTGGAGGTGGTGGT-3′ (Seq ID No: 302)

[0383] The polynucleotide encoding the peptibody also includes the codon encoding the methionine ATG and a stop codon such as TAA.

[0384] Therefore, the structure of the first peptibody in Table II is TN8-Con 1 with a C configuration and a (gly)5 linker is as follows: M-Fc-GGGGG-KDKCKMWHWMCKPP (Seq ID No: 303).

[0385] Exemplary polynucleotides encoding this peptibody would be: 5′- ATGGACAAAACTCACACATGTCCACCTTGCCCAGCACCTGAA (Seq ID No: 304) CTCCTGGGGGGACCGTCAGTTTTCCTCTTCCCCCCAAAACCCAAGGACACCC TCATGATCTCCCGGACCCCTGAGGTCACATGCGTGGTGGTGGACGTGAGCC ACGAAGACCCTGAGGTCAAGTTCAACTGGTACGTGGACGGCGTGGAGGTGC ATAATGCCAAGACAAAGCCGCGGGAGGAGCAGTACAACAGCACGTACCGT GTGGTCAGCGTCCTCACCGTCCTGCACCAGGACTGGCTGAATGGCAAGGAG TACAAGTGCAAGGTCTCCAACAAAGCCCTCCCAGCCCCCATCGAGAAAACC ATCTCCAAAGCCAAAGGGCAGCCCCGAGAACCACAGGTGTACACCCTGCCC CCATCCCGGGATGAGCTGACCAAGAACCAGGTCAGCCTGACCTGCCTGGTC AAAGGCTTCTATCCCAGCGACATCGCCGTGGAGTGGGAGAGCAATGGGCAG CCGGAGAACAACTACAAGACCACGCCTCCCGTGCTGGACTCCGACGGCTCC TTCTTCCTCTACAGCAAGCTCACCGTGGACAAGAGCAGGTGGCAGCAGGGG AACGTCTTCTCATGCTCCGTGATGCATGAGGCTCTGCACAACCACTACACGC AGAAGAGCCTCTCCCTGTCTCCGGGTAAAGGTGGAGGTGGTGGTAAGACAA ATGCAAAATGTGGCACTGGATGTGCAAACCGCCG-3′

[0386] TABLE II Peptibody Name Peptide Nucleotide Sequence (Seq ID No) Myostatin-TN8- KDKCKMWHWMCKPP AAAGACAAATGCAAAATGTGGCACTG (Seq. ID No: 147) 5 gly C con1 GATGTGCAAACCGCCG Myostatin-TN8- KDLCAMWHWMCKPP AAAGACCTGTGCGCTATGTGGCACTG (Seq. ID No: 148) 5 gly C con2 GATGTGCAAACCGCCG Myostatin-TN8- KDLCKMWKWMCKPP AAAGACCTGTGCAAAATGTGGAAATG (Seq ID No: 149) 5 gly C con3 GATGTGCAAACCGCCG Myostatin-TN8- KDLCKMWHWMCKPK AAAGACCTGTGCAAAATGTGGCACTG (Seq ID No: 150) 5 gly C con4 GATGTGCAAACCGAAA Myostatin-TN8- WYPCYEFHFWCYDL TGGTACCCGTGCTACGAATTCCACTTC (Seq ID No: 151) 5 gly C con5 TGGTGCTACGACCTG Myostatin-TN8- WYPCYEFHFWCYDL TGGTACCCGTGCTACGAATTCCACTTC (Seq ID No: 152) 5 gly N con5 TGGTGCTACGACCTG Myostatin-TN8- WYPCYEGHFWCYDL TGGTACCCGTGCTACGAAGGTCACTT (Seq ID No: 153) 5 gly C con6 CTGGTGCTACGACCTG Myostatin-TN8- WYPCYEGHFWCYDL TGGTACCCGTGCTACGAAGGTCACTT (Seq ID No: 154) 5 gly N con6 CTGGTGCTACGACCTG Myostatin-TN8- IFGCKWWDVQCYQF ATCTTCGGTTGCAAATGGTGGGACGT (Seq ID No: 155) 5 gly C con7 TCAGTGCTACCAGTTC Myostatin-TN8- IFGCKWWDVDCYQF ATCTTCGGTTGCAAATGGTGGGACGT (Seq ID No: 156) 5 gly C con8 TGACTGCTACCAGTTC Myostatin-TN8- IFGCKWWDVDCYQF ATCTTCGGTTGCAAATGGTGGGACGT (Seq ID No: 157) 5 gly N con8 TGACTGCTACCAGTTC Myostatin-TN8- ADWCVSPNWFCMVM GCTGACTGGTGCGTTTCCCCGAACTG (Seq ID No: 158) 5 gly C con9 GTTCTGCATGGTTATG Myostatin-TN8- HKFCPWWALFCWDF CACAAATTCTGCCCGTGGTGGGCTCT (Seq ID No: 159) 5 gly C con10 GTTCTGCTGGGACTTC Myostatin-TN8-1 KDLCKMWHWMCKPP AAAGACCTGTGCAAAATGTGGCACTG (Seq ID No: 160 5 gly C GATGTGCAAACCGCCG Myostatin-TN8-2 IDKCAIWGWMCPPL ATCGACAAATGCGCTATCTGGGGTTG (Seq ID No: 161) 5 gly C GATGTGCCCGCCGCTG Myostatin-TN8-3 WYPCGEFGMWCLNV TGGTACCCGTGCGGTGAATTCGGTAT (Seq ID No: 162) 5 gly C GTGGTGCCTGAACGTT Myostatin-TN8-4 WFTCLWNCDNE TGGTTCACCTGCCTGTGGAACTGCGA (Seq ID No: 163) 5 gly C CAACGAA Myostatin-TN8-5 HTPCPWFAPLCVEW CACACCCCGTGCCCGTGGTTCGCTCC (Seq ID No: 164) 5 gly C GCTGTGCGTTGAATGG Myostatin-TN8-6 KEWCWRWKWMCKPE AAAGAATGGTGCTGGCGTTGGAAATG (Seq ID No: 165) 5 gly C GATGTGCAAACCGGAA Myostatin-TN8-7 FETCPSWAYFCLDI TTCGAAACCTGCCCGTCCTGGGCTTA (Seq ID No: 166) 5 gly C CTTCTGCCTGGACATC Myostatin-TN8-7 FETCPSWAYFCLDI TTCGAAACCTGCCCGTCCTGGGCTTA (Seq ID No: 167) 5 gly N CTTCTGCCTGGACATC Myostatin-TN8-8 AYKCEANDWGCWWL GCTTACAAATGCGAAGCTAACGACTG (Seq ID No: 168) 5 gly C GGGTTGCTGGTGGCTG Myostatin-TN8-9 NSWCEDQWHRCWWL AACTCCTGGTGCGAAGACCAGTGGCA (Seq ID No: 169) 5 gly C CCGTTGCTGGTGGCTG Myostatin-TN8-10 WSACYAGHFWCYDL TGGTCCGCTTGCTACGCTGGTCACTTC (Seq ID No: 170) 5 gly C TGGTGCTACGACCTG Myostatin-TN8-11 ANWCVSPNWFCMVM GCTAACTGGTGCGTTTCCCCGAACTG (Seq ID No: 171) 5 gly C GTTCTGCATGGTTATG Myostatin-TN8-12 WTECYQQEFWCWNL TGGACCGAATGCTACCAGCAGGAATT (Seq ID No: 172) 5 gly C CTGGTGCTGGAACCTG Myostatin-TN8-13 ENTCERWKWMCPPK GAAAACACCTGCGAACGTTGGAAATG (Seq ID No: 173) 5 gly C GATGTGCCCGCCGAAA Myostatin-TN8-14 WLPCHQEGFWCMNF TGGCTGCCGTGCCACCAGGAAGGTTT (Seq ID No: 174) 5 gly C CTGGTGCATGAACTTC Myostatin-TN8-15 STMCSQWHWMCNPF TCCACCATGTGCTCCCAGTGGCACTG (Seq ID No: 175) 5 gly C GATGTGCAACCCGTTC Myostatin-TN8-16 IFGCHWWDVDCYQF ATCTTCGGTTGCCACTGGTGGGACGT (Seq ID No: 176) 5 gly C TGACTGCTACCAGTTC Myostatin-TN8-17 IYGCKWWDIQCYDI ATCTACGGTTGCAAATGGTGGGACAT (Seq ID No: 177) 5 gly C CCAGTGCTACGACATC Myostatin-TN8-18 PDWCIDPDWWCKFW CCGGACTGGTGCATCGATCCGGACTG (Seq ID No: 178) 5 gly C GTGGTGCAAATTCTGG Myostatin-TN8-19 QGHCTRWPWMCPPY CAGGGTCACTGCACCCGTTGGCCGTG (Seq ID No: 179) 5 gly C GATGTGCCCGCCGTAC Myostatin-TN8-20 WQECYREGFWCLQT TGGCAGGAATGCTACCGTGAAGGTTT (Seq ID No: 180) 5 gly C CTGGTGCCTGCAGACC Myostatin-TN8-21 WFDCYGPGFKCWSP TGGTTCGACTGCTACGGTCCGGGTTTC (Seq ID No: 181) 5 gly C AAATGCTGGTCCCCG Myostatin-TN8-22 GVRCPKGHLWCLYP GGTGTTCGTTGCCCGAAAGGTCACCT (Seq ID No: 182) 5 gly C GTGGTGCCTGTACCCG Myostatin-TN8-23 HWACGYWPWSCKWV CACTGGGCTTGCGGTTACTGGCCGTG (Seq ID No: 183) 5 gly C GTCCTGCAAATGGGTT Myostatin-TN8-24 GPACHSPWWWCVFG GGTCCGGCTTGCCACTCCCCGTGGTG (Seq ID No: 184) 5 gly C GTGGTGCGTTTTCGGT Myostatin-TN8-25 TTWCISPMWFCSQQ ACCACCTGGTGCATCTCCCCGATGTG (Seq ID No: 185) 5 gly C GTTCTGCTCCCAGCAG Myostatin-TN8-26 HKFCPPWAIFCWDF CACAAATTCTGCCCGCCGTGGGCTAT (Seq ID No: 186) 5 gly N CTTCTGCTGGGACTTC Myostatin-TN8-27 PDWCVSPRWYCNMW CCGGACTGGTGCGTTTCCCCGCGTTG (Seq ID No: 187) 5 gly N GTACTGCAACATGTGG Myostatin-TN8-28 VWKCHWFGMDCEPT GTTTGGAAATGCCACTGGTTCGGTAT (Seq ID No: 188) 5 gly N GGACTGCGAACCGACC Myostatin-TN8-29 KKHCQIWTWMCAPK AAAAAACACTGCCAGATCTGGACCTG (Seq ID No: 189) 5 gly N GATGTGCGCTCCGAAA Myostatin-TN8-30 WFQCGSTLFWCYNL TGGTTCCAGTGCGGTTCCACCCTGTTC (Seq ID No: 190) 5 gly N TGGTGCTACAACCTG Myostatin-TN8-31 WSPCYDHYFYCYTI TGGTCCCCGTGCTACGACCACTACTTC (Seq ID No: 191) 5 gly N TACTGCTACACCATC Myostatin-TN8-32 SWMCGFFKEVCMWV TCCTGGATGTGCGGTTTCTTCAAAGA (Seq ID No: 192) 5 gly N AGTTTGCATGTGGGTT Myostatin-TN8-33 EMLCMIHPVFCNPH GAAATGCTGTGCATGATCCACCCGGT (Seq ID No: 193) 5 gly N TTTCTGCAACCCGCAC Myostatin-TN8-34 LKTCNLWPWMCPPL CTGAAAACCTGCAACCTGTGGCCGTG (Seq ID No: 194) 5 gly N GATGTGCCCGCCGCTG Myostatin-TN8-35 VVGCKWYEAWCYNK GTTGTTGGTTGCAAATGGTACGAAGC (Seq ID No: 195) 5 gly N TTGGTGCTACAACAAA Myostatin-TN8-36 PIHCTQWAWMCPPT CCGATCCACTGCACCCAGTGGGCTTG (Seq ID No: 196) 5 gly N GATGTGCCCGCCGACC Myostatin-TN8-37 DSNCPWYFLSCVIF GACTCCAACTGCCCGTGGTACTTCCT (Seq ID No: 197) 5 gly N GTCCTGCGTTATCTTC Myostatin-TN8-38 HIWCNLAMMKCVEM CACATCTGGTGCAACCTGGCTATGAT (Seq ID No: 198) 5 gly N GAAATGCGTTGAAATG Myostatin-TN8-39 NLQCIYFLGKCIYF AACCTGCAGTGCATCTACTTCCTGGG (Seq ID No: 199) 5 gly N TAAATGCATCTACTTC Myostatin-TN8-40 AWRCMWFSDVCTPG GCTTGGCGTTGCATGTGGTTCTCCGAC (Seq ID No: 200) 5 gly N GTTTGCACCCCGGGT Myostatin-TN8-41 WFRCFLDADWCTSV TGGTTTCGTTGTTTTCTTGATGCTGAT (Seq ID No: 201) 5 gly N TGGTGTACTTCTGTT Myostatin-TN8-42 EKICQMWSWMCAPP GAAAAAATTTGTCAAATGTGGTCTTG (Seq ID No: 202) 5 gly N GATGTGTGCTCCACCA Myostatin-TN8-43 WFYCHLNKSECTEP TGGTTTTATTGTCATCTTAATAAATCT (Seq ID No: 203) 5 gly N GAATGTACTGAACCA Myostatin-TN8-44 FWRCAIGIDKCKRV TTTTGGCGTTGTGCTATTGGTATTGAT (Seq ID No: 204) 5 gly N AAATGTAAACGTGTT Myostatin-TN8-45 NLGCKWYEVWCFTY AATCTTGGTTGTAAATGGTATGAAGT (Seq ID No: 205) 5 gly N TTGGTGTTTTACTTAT Myostatin-TN8-46 IDLCNMWDGMCYPP ATTGATCTTTGTAATATGTGGGATGGT (Seq ID No: 206) 5 gly N ATGTGTTATCCACCA Myostatin-TN8-47 EMPCNIWGWMCPPV GAAATGCCATGTAATATTTGGGGTTG (Seq ID No: 207) 5 gly N GATGTGTCCACCAGTT Myostatin-TN12-1 WFRCVLTGIVDWSECF TGGTTCCGTTGCGTTCTGACCGGTATC (Seq ID No: 208) 5 gly N GL GTTGACTGGTCCGAATGCTTCGGTCT G Myostatin-TN12-2 GFSCTFGLDEFYVDCSP GGTTTCTCCTGCACCTTCGGTCTGGAC (Seq ID No: 209) 5 gly N F GAATTCTACGTTGACTGCTCCCCGTTC Myostatin-TN12-3 LPWCHDQVNADWGFC CTGCCGTGGTGCCACGACCAGGTTAA (Seq ID No: 210) 5 gly N MLW CGCTGACTGGGGTTTCTGCATGCTGT GG Myostatin-TN12-4 YPTCSEKFWIYGQTCV TACCCGACCTGCTCCGAAAAATTCTG (Seq ID No: 211) 5 gly N LW GATCTACGGTCAGACCTGCGTTCTGT GG Myostatin-TN12-5 LGPCPIHHGPWPQYCV CTGGGTCCGTGCCCGATCCACCACGG (Seq ID No: 212) 5 gly N YW TCCGTGGCCGCAGTACTGCGTTTACT GG Myostatin-TN12-6 PFPCETHQISWLGHCLS CCGTTCCCGTGCGAAACCCACCAGAT (Seq ID No: 213) 5 gly N F CTCCTGGCTGGGTCACTGCCTGTCCTT C Myostatin-TN12-7 HWGCEDLMWSWHPLC CACTGGGGTTGCGAAGACCTGATGTG (Seq ID No: 214) 5 gly N RRP GTCCTGGCACCCGCTGTGCCGTCGTC CG Myostatin-TN12-8 LPLCDADMMPTIGFCV CTGCCGCTGTGCGACGCTGACATGAT (Seq ID No: 215) 5 gly N AY GCCGACCATCGGTTTCTGCGTTGCTTA C Myostatin-TN12-9 SHWCETTFWMNYAKC TCCCACTGGTGCGAAACCACCTTCTG (Seq ID No: 216) 5 gly N VHA GATGAACTACGCTAAATGCGTTCACG CT Myostatin-TN12- LPKCTHVPFDQGGFCL CTGCCGAAATGCACCCACGTTCCGTT (Seq ID No: 217) 5 gly N 10 WY CGACCAGGGTGGTTTCTGCCTGTGGT AC Myostatin-TN12- FSSCWSPVSRQDMFCV TTCTCCTCCTGCTGGTCCCCGGTTTCC (Seq ID No: 218) 5 gly N 11 FY CGTCAGGACATGTTCTGCGTTTTCTAC Myostatin-TN12- SHKCEYSGWLQPLCYR TCCCACAAATGCGAATACTCCGGTTG (Seq ID No: 219) 5 gly N 13 P GCTGCAGCCGCTGTGCTACCGTCCG Myostatin-TN12- PWWCQDNYVQHMLH CCGTGGTGGTGCCAGGACAACTACGT (Seq ID No: 220) 5 gly N 14 CDSP TCAGCACATGCTGCACTGCGACTCCC CG Myostatin-TN12- WFRCMLMNSFDAFQC TGGTTCCGTTGCATGCTGATGAACTCC (Seq ID No: 221) 5 gly N 15 VSY TTCGACGCTTTCCAGTGCGTTTCCTAC Myostatin-TN12- PDACRDQPWYMFMGC CCGGACGCTTGCCGTGACCAGCCGTG (Seq ID No: 222) 5 gly N 16 MLG GTACATGTTCATGGGTTGCATGCTGG GT Myostatin-TN12- FLACFVEFELCFDS TTCCTGGCTTGCTTCGTTGAATTCGAA (Seq ID No: 223) 5 gly N 17 CTGTGCTTCGACTCC Myostatin-TN12- SAYCIITESDPYVLCVP TCCGCTTACTGCATCATCACCGAATCC (Seq ID No: 224) 5 gly N 18 L GACCCGTACGTTCTGTGCGTTCCGCTG Myostatin-TN12- PSICESYSTMWLPMCQ CCGTCCATCTGCGAATCCTACTCCACC (Seq ID No: 225) 5 gly N 19 HN ATGTGGCTGCCGATGTGCCAGCACAA C Myostatin-TN12- WLDCHDDSWAWTKM TGGCTGGACTGCCACGACGACTCCTG (Seq ID No: 226) 5 gly N 20 CRSH GGCTTGGACCAAAATGTGCCGTTCCC AC Myostatin-TN12- YLNCVMMNTSPFVEC TACCTGAACTGCGTTATGATGAACAC (Seq ID No: 227) 5 gly N 21 VFN CTCCCCGTTCGTTGAATGCGTTTTCAA C Myostatin-TN12- YPWCDGFMIQQGITCM TACCCGTGGTGCGACGGTTTCATGAT (Seq ID No: 228) 5 gly N 22 FY CCAGCAGGGTATCACCTGCATGTTCT AC Myostatin-TN12- FDYCTWLNGFKDWKC TTCGACTACTGCACCTGGCTGAACGG (Seq ID No: 229) 5 gly N 23 WSR TTTCAAAGACTGGAAATGCTGGTCCC GT Myostatin-TN12- LPLCNLKEISHVQACVL CTGCCGCTGTGCAACCTGAAAGAAAT (Seq ID No: 230) 5 gly N 24 F CTCCCACGTTCAGGCTTGCGTTCTGTT C Myostatin-TN12- SPECAFARWLGIEQCQ TCCCCGGAATGCGCTTTCGCTCGTTGG (Seq ID No: 231) 5 gly N 25 RD CTGGGTATCGAACAGTGCCAGCGTGA C Myostatin-TN12- YPQCFNLHLLEWTECD TACCCGCAGTGCTTCAACCTGCACCT (Seq ID No: 232) 5 gly N 26 WF GCTGGAATGGACCGAATGCGACTGGT TC Myostatin-TN12- RWRCEIYDSEFLPKCW CGTTGGCGTTGCGAAATCTACGACTC (Seq ID No: 233) 5 gly N 27 FF CGAATTCCTGCCGAAATGCTGGTTCTT C Myostatin-TN12- LVGCDNVWHRCKLF CTGGTTGGTTGCGACAACGTTTGGCA (Seq ID No: 234) 5 gly N 28 CCGTTGCAAACTGTTC Myostatin-TN12- AGWCHVWGEMFGMG GCTGGTTGGTGCCACGTTTGGGGTGA (Seq ID No: 235) 5 gly N 29 CSAL AATGTTCGGTATGGGTTGCTCCGCTCT G Myostatin-TN12- HHECEWMARWMSLD CACCACGAATGCGAATGGATGGCTCG (Seq ID No: 236) 5 gly N 30 CVGL TTGGATGTCCCTGGACTGCGTTGGTCT G Myostatin-TN12- FPMCGIAGMKDFDFCV TTCCCGATGTGCGGTATCGCTGGTAT (Seq ID No: 237) 5 gly N 31 WY GAAAGACTTCGACTTCTGCGTTTGGT AC Myostatin-TN12- RDDCTFWPEWLWKLC CGTGATGATTGTACTTTTTGGCCAGAA (Seq ID No: 238) 5 gly N 32 ERP TGGCTTTGGAAACTTTGTGAACGTCC A Myostatin-TN12- YNFCSYLFGVSKEACQ TATAATTTTTGTTCTTATCTTTTTGGTG (Seq ID No: 239) 5 gly N 33 LP TTTCTAAAGAAGCTTGTCAACTTCCA Myostatin-TN12- AHWCEQGPWRYGNIC GCTCATTGGTGTGAACAAGGTCCATG (Seq ID No: 240) 5 gly N 34 MAY GCGTTATGGTAATATTTGTATGGCTTA C T Myostatin-TN12- NLVCGKISAWGDEACA AATCTTGTTTGTGGTAAAATTTCTGCT (Seq ID No: 241) 5 gly N 35 RA TGGGGTGATGAAGCTTGTGCTCGTGC T Myostatin-TN12- HNVCTIMGPSMKWFC CATAATGTTTGTACTATTATGGGTCCA (Seq ID No: 242) 5 gly N 36 WND TCTATGAAATGGTITTTGTTGGAATGAT C Myostatin-TN12- NDLCAMWGWRNTIWC AATGATCTTTGTGCTATGTGGGGTTGG (Seq ID No: 243) 5 gly N 37 QNS CGTAATACTATTTGGTGTCAAAATTCT C Myostatin-TN12- PPFCQNDNDMLQSLCK CCACCATTTTGTCAAAATGATAATGA (Seq ID No: 244) 5 gly N 38 LL TATGCTTCAATCTCTTTGTAAACTTCT T Myostatin-TN12- WYDCNVPNELLSGLCR TGGTATGATTGTAATGTTCCAAATGA (Seq ID No: 245) 5 gly N 39 LF ACTTCTTTCTGGTCTTTGTCGTCTTTTT Myostatin-TN12- YGDCDQNHWMWPFTC TATGGTGATTGTGATCAAAATCATTG (Seq ID No: 246) 5 gly N 40 LSL GATGTGGCCATTTACTTGTCTTTCTCT C T Myostatin-TN12- GWMCHFDLHDWGAT GGTTGGATGTGTCATTTTGATCTTCAT (Seq ID No: 247) 5 gly N 41 CQPD GATTGGGGTGCTACTTGTCAACCAGA T Myostatin-TN12- YFHCMFGGHEFEVHCE TATTTTCATTGTATGTTTGGTGGTCAT (Seq ID No: 248) 5 gly N 42 SF GAATTTGAAGTTCATTGTGAATCTTTT C Myostatin-TN12- AYWCWHGQCVRF GCTTATTGGTGTTGGCATGGTCAATGT (Seq ID No: 249) 5 gly N 43 GTTCGTTTT Myostatin-Linear- SEHWTFTDWDGNEW TCCGAACACTGGACCTTCACCGACTG (Seq ID No: 250) 5 gly N 1 WVRPF GGACGGTAACGAATGGTGGGTTCGTC CGTTC Myostatin-Linear- MEMLDSLFELLKDMVP ATGGAAATGCTGGACTCCCTGTTCGA (Seq ID No: 251) 5 gly N 2 ISKA ACTGCTGAAAGACATGGTTCCGATCT CCAAAGCT Myostatin-Linear- SPPEEALMEWLGWQY TCCCCGCCGGAAGAAGCTCTGATGGA (Seq ID No: 252) 5 gly N 3 GKFT ATGGCTGGGTTGGCAGTACGGTAAAT TCACC Myostatin-Linear- SPENLLNDLYILMTKQ TCCCCGGAAAACCTGCTGAACGACCT (Seq ID No: 253) 5 gly N 4 EWYG GTACATCCTGATGACCAAACAGGAAT GGTACGGT Myostatin-Linear- FHWEEGIPFHVVTPYS TTCCACTGGGAAGAAGGTATCCCGTT (Seq ID No: 254) 5 gly N 5 YDRM CCACGTTGTTACCCCGTACTCCTACGA CCGTATG Myostatin-Linear- KRLLEQFMNDLAELVS AAACGTCTGCTGGAACAGTTCATGAA (Seq ID No: 255) 5 gly N 6 GHS CGACCTGGCTGAACTGGTTTCCGGTC ACTCC Myostatin-Linear- DTRDALFQEFYEFVRS GACACCCGTGACGCTCTGTTCCAGGA (Seq ID No: 256) 5 gly N 7 RLVI ATTCTACGAATTCGTTCGTTCCCGTCT GGTTATC Myostatin-Linear- RMSAAPRPLTYRDIMD CGTATGTCCGCTGCTCCGCGTCCGCTG (Seq ID No: 257) 5 gly N 8 QYWH ACCTACCGTGACATCATGGACCAGTA CTGGCAC Myostatin-Linear- NDKAHFFEMFMFDVH AACGACAAAGCTCACTTCTTCGAAAT (Seq ID No: 258) 5 gly N 9 NFVES GTTCATGTTCGACGTTCACAACTTCGT TGAATCC Myostatin-Linear- QTQAQKIDGLWELLQS CAGACCCAGGCTCAGAAAATCGACGG (Seq ID No: 259) 5 gly N 10 IRNQ TCTGTGGGAACTGCTGCAGTCCATCC GTAACCAG Myostatin-Linear- MLSEFEEFLGNLVHRQ ATGCTGTCCGAATTCGAAGAATTCCT (Seq ID No: 260) 5 gly N 11 EA GGGTAACCTGGTTCACCGTCAGGAAG CT Myostatin-Linear- YTPKMGSEWTSFWHN TACACCCCGAAAATGGGTTCCGAATG (Seq ID No: 261) 5 gly N 12 RIHYL GACCTCCTTCTGGCACAACCGTATCC ACTACCTG Myostatin-Linear- LNDTLLRELKMVLNSL CTGAACGACACCCTGCTGCGTGAACT (Seq ID No: 262) 5 gly N 13 SDMK GAAAATGGTTCTGAACTCCCTGTCCG ACATGAAA Myostatin-Linear- FDVERDLMRWLEGFM TTCGACGTTGAACGTGACCTGATGCG (Seq ID No: 263) 5 gly N 14 QSAAT TTGGCTGGAAGGTTTCATGCAGTCCG CTGCTACC Myostatin-Linear- HHGWNYLRKGSAPQW CACCACGGTTGGAACTACCTGCGTAA (Seq ID No: 264) 5 gly N 15 FEAWV AGGTTCCGCTCCGCAGTGGTTCGAAG CTTGGGTT Myostatin-Linear- VESLHQLQMWLDQKL GTTGAATCCCTGCACCAGCTGCAGAT (Seq ID No: 265) 5 gly N 16 ASGPH GTGGCTGGACCAGAAACTGGCTTCCG GTCCGCAC Myostatin-Linear- RATLLKDFWQLVEGY CGTGCTACCCTGCTGAAAGACTTCTG (Seq ID No: 266) 5 gly N 17 GDN GCAGCTGGTTGAAGGTTACGGTGACA AC Myostatin-Linear- EELLREFYRFVSAFDY GAAGAACTGCTGCGTGAATTCTACCG (Seq ID No: 267) 5 gly N 18 TTTCGTTTCCGCTTTCGACTAC Myostatin-Linear- GLLDEFSHFIAEQFYQ GGTCTGCTGGACGAATTCTCCCACTTC (Seq ID No: 268) 5 gly N 19 MPGG ATCGCTGAACAGTTCTACCAGATGCC GGGTGGT Myostatin-Linear- YREMSMLEGLLDVLER TACCGTGAAATGTCCATGCTGGAAGG (Seq ID No: 269) 5 gly N 20 LQHY TCTGCTGGACGTTCTGGAACGTCTGC AGGACTAC Myostatin-Linear- HNSSQMLLSELIMLVG CACAACTCCTCCCAGATGCTGCTGTC (Seq ID No: 270) 5 gly N 21 SMMQ CGAACTGATCATGCTGGTTGGTTCCA TGATGCAG Myostatin-Linear- WREHFLNSDYIRDKLI TGGCGTGAACACTTCCTGAACTCCGA (Seq ID No: 271) 5 gly N 22 AIDG CTACATCCGTGACAAACTGATCGCTA TCGACGGT Myostatin-Linear- QFPFYVFDDLPAQLEY CAGTTCCCGTTCTACGTTTTCGACGAC (Seq ID No: 272) 5 gly N 23 WIA CTGCCGGCTCAGCTGGAATACTGGAT CGCT Myostatin-Linear- EFFHWLHNHRSEVNH GAATTCTTCCACTGGCTGCACAACCA (Seq ID No: 273) 5 gly N 24 WLDMN CCGTTCCGAAGTTAACCACTGGCTGG ACATGAAC Myostatin-Linear- EALFQNFFRDVLTLSER GAAGCTCTTTTTCAAAATTTTTTTCGT (Seq ID No: 274) 5 gly N 25 EY GATGTTCTTACTCTTTCTGAACGTGAA C TAT Myostatin-Linear- QYWEQQWMTYFRENG CAATATTGGGAACAACAATGGATGAC (Seq ID No: 275) 5 gly N 26 LHVQY TTATTTTCGTGAAAATGGTCTTCATGT TCAATAT Myostatin-Linear- NQRMMLEDLWRIMTP AATCAACGTATGATGCTTGAAGATCT (Seq ID No: 276) 5 gly N 27 MFGRS TTGGCGTATTATGACTCCAATGTTTGG C TCGTTCT Myostatin-Linear- FLDELKAELSRHYALD TTTCTTGATGAACTTAAAGCTGAACTT (Seq ID No: 277) 5 gly N 29 DLDE TCTCGTCATTATGCTCTTGATGATCTT GATGAA Myostatin-Linear- GKLIEGLLNELMQLETF GGTAAACTTATTGAAGGTCTTCTTAAT (Seq ID No: 278) 5 gly N 30 MPD GAACTTATGCAACTTGAAACTTTTATG C CCAGAT Myostatin-Linear- ILLLDEYKKDWKSWF ATTCTTCTTCTTGATGAATATAAAAAA (Seq ID No: 279) 5 gly N 31 GATTGGAAATCTTGGTTT Myostatin- QGHCTRWPWMCPPYG CAGGGCCACTGTACTCGCTGGCCGTG (Seq ID No: 280) 1k N 2XTN8-19 kc SGSATGGSGSTASSGSG GATGTGCCCGCCGTACGGTTCTGGTT SATGQGHCTRWPWMC CCGCTACCGGTGGTTCTGGTTCCACTG PPY CTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCTGCTACTG GTCAGGGTCACTGCACTCGTTGGCCA TGGATGTGTCCACCGTAT Myostatin- WYPCYEGHFWCYDLG TGGTATCCGTGTTATGAGGGTCACTTC (Seq ID No: 281) 5 gly C 2XTN8-CON6 SGSTASSGSGSATGWY TGGTGCTACGATCTGGGTTCTGGTTCC PCYEGHFWCYDL ACTGCTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCCGCT ACTGGTTGGTACCCGTGCTACGAAGG TCACTTTTGGTGTTATGATCTG Myostatin- HTPCPWFAPLCVEWGS CACACTCCGTGTCCGTGGTTTGCTCCG (Seq ID No: 282) 1k C 2XTN8-5 kc GSATGGSGSTASSGSGS CTGTGCGTTGAATGGGGTTCTGGTTCC ATGHTPCPWFAPLCVE GCTACTGGTGGTTCCGGTTCCACTGCT W TCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCTGCAACTGGT CACACCCCGTGCCCGTGGTTTGCACC GCTGTGTGTAGAGTGG Myostatin- PDWCIDPDWWCKFWG CCGGATTGGTGTATCGACCCGGACTG (Seq ID No: 283) 1k C 2XTN8-18 kc SGSATGGSGSTASSGSG GTGGTGCAAATTCTGGGGTTCTGGTTC SATGPDWCIDPDWWC CGCTACCGGTGGTTCCGGTTCCACTG KFW CTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCTGCAACTG GTCCGGACTGGTGCATCGACCCGGAT TGGTGGTGTAAATTTTGG Myostatin- ANWCVSPNWFCMVM CCGGATTGGTGTATCGACCCGGACTG (Seq ID No; 284) 1k C 2XTN8-11 kc GSGSATGGSGSTASSGS GTGGTGCAAATTCTGGGGTTCTGGTTC GSATGANWCVSPNWF CGCTACCGGTGGTTCCGGTTCCACTG CMVM CTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCTGCAACTG GTCCGGACTGGTGCATCGACCCGGAT TGGTGGTGTAAATTTTGG Myostatin- PDWCIDPDWWCKFWG ACCACTTGGTGCATCTCTCCGATGTG (Seq ID No: 285) 1k C 2XTN8-25 kc SGSATGGSGSTASSGSG GTTCTGCTCTCAGCAGGGTTCTGGTTC SATGPDWCIDPDWWC CACTGCTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCTGC KFW AACTGGTACTACTTGGTGTATCTCTCC AATGTGGTTTTGTTCTCAGCAA Myostatin- HWACGYWPWSCKWV CACTGGGCATGTGGCTATTGGCCGTG (Seq ID No: 286) 1k C 2XTN8-23 kc GSGSATGGSGSTASSGS GTCCTGCAAATGGGTTGGTTCTGGTTC GSATGHWACGYWPWS CGCTACCGGTGGTTCCGGTTCCACTG CKWV CTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCTGCAACTG GTCACTGGGCTTGCGGTTACTGGCCG TGGTCTTGTAAATGGGTT Myostatin-TN8- KKHCQIWTWMCAPKG AAAAAACACTGTCAGATCTGGACTTG (Seq ID No: 287) 1k C 29-19 kc SGSATGGSGSTASSGSG GATGTGCGCTCCGAAAGGTTCTGGTT SATGQGHCTRWPWMC CCGCTACCGGTGGTTCTGGTTCCACTG PPY CTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCCGCTACTG GTCAGGGTCACTGCACTCGTTGGCCA TGGATGTGTCCGCCGTAT Myostatin-TN8- QGHCTRWPWMCPPYG CAGGGTCACTGCACCCGTTGGCCGTG (Seq ID No: 288) 1k C 19-29 kc SGSATGGSGSTASSGSG GATGTGCCCGCCGTACGGTTCTGGTT SATGKKHCQIWTWMC CCGCTACCGGTGGTTCTGGTTCCACTG APK CTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCTGCTACTG GTAAAAAACACTGCCAGATCTGGACT TGGATGTGCGCTCCGAAA Myostatin-TN8- KKHCQIWTWMCAPKG AAAAAACACTGTCAGATCTGGACTTG (Seq ID No: 289) 1k N 29-19 kn SGSATGGSGSTASSGSG GATGTGCGCTCCGAAAGGTTCTGGTT SATGQGHCTRWPWMC CCGCTACCGGTGGTTCTGGTTCCACTG PPY CTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGTTCCGCTACTG GTCAGGGTCACTGCACTCGTTGGCCA TGGATGTGTCCGCCGTAT Myostatin-TN8- KKHCQIWTWMCAPKG AAAAAACACTGCCAGATCTGGACTTG (Seq ID No: 290) 8 gly C 29-19-8g GGGGGGGQGHCTRWP GATGTGCGCTCCGAAAGGTGGTGGTG WMCPPY GTGGTGGCGGTGGCCAGGGTCACTGC ACCCGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGTCCGCC GTAT Myostatin-TN8- QGHCTRWPWMCPPYG CAGGGTCACTGCACCCGTTGGCCGTG (Seq ID No: 291) 6 gly C 19-29-6gc GGGGGKKHCQIWTWM GATGTGCCCGCCGTACGGTGGTGGTG CAPK GTGGTGGCAAAAAACACTGCCAGATC TGGACTTGGATGTGCGCTCCGAAA

EXAMPLE 3 In Vitro Assays

[0387] C2C12 Cell Based Myostatin Activity Assay

[0388] This assay demonstrates the myostatin neutralizing capability of the inhibitor being tested by measuring the extent that binding of myostatin to its receptor is inhibited.

[0389] A myostatin-responsive reporter cell line was generated by transfection of C2C12 myoblast cells (ATCC No: CRL-1772) with a pMARE-luc construct. The pMARE-luc construct was made by cloning twelve repeats of the CAGA sequence, representing the myostatin/activin response elements (Dennler et al. EMBO 17: 3091-3100 (1998)) into a pLuc-MCS reporter vector (Stratagene cat #219087) upstream of the TATA box. The myoblast C2C12 cells naturally express myostatin/activin receptors on its cell-surface. When myostatin binds the cell receptors, the Smad pathway is activated, and phosphorylated Smad binds to the response element (Macias-Silva et al. Cell 87:1215 (1996)), resulting in the expression of the lucerase gene. Luciferase activity is then measured using a commercial luciferase reporter assay kit (cat #E4550, Promega, Madison, Wis.) according to manufacturer's protocol. A stable line of C2C12 cells that had been transfected with pMARE-luc (C2C12/pMARE clone #44) was used to measure myostatin activity according to the following procedure.

[0390] Equal numbers of the reporter cells (C2C12/pMARE clone #44) were plated into 96 well cultures. A first round screening using two dilutions of peptibodies was performed with the myostatin concentration fixed at 4 nM. Recombinant mature myostatin was pre-incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with peptibodies at 40 nM and 400 nM respectively. The reporter cell culture was treated with the myostatin with or without peptibodies for six hours. Myostatin activity was measured by determining the luciferase activity in the treated cultures. This assay was used to initially identify peptibody hits that inhibited the myostatin signaling activity in the reporter assay. Subsequently, a nine point titration curve was generated with the myostatin concentration fixed at 4 nM. The myostatin was preincubated with each of the following nine concentrations of peptibodies: 0.04 mM, 0.4 nM, 4 nM, 20 nM, 40 nM, 200 nM, 400 nM, 2 uM and 4 uM for two hours before adding the mixture to the reporter cell culture. The IC₅₀ values were for a number of examplary peptibodies are provided in Tables III and for affinity matured peptibodies, in Table VIII.

[0391] BIAcore® Assay

[0392] An affinity analysis of each candidate myostatin peptibody was performed on a BIAcore®3000 (Biacore, Inc., Piscataway, N.J.), apparatus using sensor chip CM5, and 0.005 percent P20 surfactant (Biacore, Inc.) as running buffer. Recombinant mature myostatin protein was immobilized to a research grade CM5 sensor chip (Biacore, Inc.) via primary amine groups using the Amine Coupling Kit (Biacore, Inc.) according to the manufacturer's suggested protocol.

[0393] Direct binding assays were used to screen and rank the peptibodies in order of their ability to bind to immobilized myostatin. Binding assays were carried by injection of two concentrations (40 and 400 nM) of each candidate myostatin-binding peptibody to the immobilized myostatin surface at a flow rate of 50 μl/min for 3 minutes. After a dissociation time of 3 minutes, the surface was regenerated. Binding curves were compared qualitatively for binding signal intensity, as well as for dissociation rates. Peptibody binding kinetic parameters including k_(a) (association rate constant), k_(d) (dissociation rate constant) and K_(D) (dissociation equilibrium constant) were determined using the BIA evaluation 3.1 computer program (Biacore, Inc.). The lower the dissociation equilibrium constants (expressed in nM), the greater the affinity of the peptibody for myostatin. Examples of peptibody K_(D) values are shown in Table III and Table VI for affinity-matured peptibodies below.

[0394] Blocking Assay on ActRIIB/Fc Surface

[0395] Blocking assays were carried out using immobilized ActRIIB/Fc (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.) and myostatin in the presence and absence of peptibodies with the BIAcore® assay system. Assays were used to classify peptibodies as non-neutralizing (those which did not prevent myostatin binding to ActRIIB/Fc) or neutralizing (those that prevented myostatin binding to ActRIIB/Fc). Baseline myostatin-ActRIIB/Fc binding was first determined in the absence of any peptibody.

[0396] For early screening studies, peptibodies were diluted to 4 nM, 40 nM, and 400 nM in sample buffer and incubated with 4 nM myostatin (also diluted in sample buffer). The peptibody: ligand mixtures were allowed to reach equilibrium at room temperature (at least 5 hours) and then were injected over the immobilized ActRIIB/Fc surface for 20 to 30 minutes at a flow rate of 10 uL/min. An increased binding response (over control binding with no peptibody) indicated that peptibody binding to myostatin was non-neutralizing. A decreased binding response (compared to the control) indicated that peptibody binding to myostatin blocked the binding of myostatin to ActRIIB/Fc. Selected peptibodies were further characterized using the blocking assay of a full concentration series in order to derive IC₅₀ values (for neutralizing peptibodies) or EC₅₀ (for non-neutralizing peptibodies). The peptibody samples were serially diluted from 200 nM to 0.05 mM in sample buffer and incubated with 4 mM myostatin at room temperature to reach equilibrium (minimum of five hours) before injected over the immobilized ActRIIB/Fc surface for 20 to 30 minutes at a flow rate of 10 uL/min. Following the sample injection, bound ligand was allowed to dissociate from the receptor for 3 minutes. Plotting the binding signal vrs. peptibody concentration, the IC₅₀ values for each peptibody in the presence of 4 nM myostatin were calculated. It was found, for example, that the peptibodies TN8-19, L2 and L17 inhibit myostatin activity in cell-based assay, but binding of TN-8-19 does not block myostatin/ActRIIB/Fc interactions, indicating that TN-8-19 binds to a different epitope than that observed for the other two peptibodies.

[0397] Epitope Binning for Peptibodies

[0398] A purified peptibody was immobilized on a BIAcore chip to capture myostatin before injection of a second peptibody, and the amount of secondary peptibody bound to the captured myostatin was determined. Only peptibodies with distinct epitopes will bind to the captured myostatin, thus enabling the binning of peptibodies with similar or distinct epitope binding properties. For example, it was shown that peptibodies TN8-19 and L23 bind to different epitopes on myostatin.

[0399] Selectivity Assays

[0400] These assays were performed using BIAcore® technology, to determine the selectivity of binding of the peptibodies to other TGFβ family members. ActRIIB/Fc, TGFβRII/Fc and BMPR-1A/Fc (all obtained from R & D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.) were covalently coupled to research grade sensor chips according to manufacturer's suggested protocol. Because BIAcore assays detects changes in the refractive index, the difference between the response detected with injection over the immobilized receptor surfaces compared with the response detected with injection over the control surface in the absence of any peptibody represents the actual binding of Activin A, TGFβ1, TGFβ3, and BMP4 to the receptors, respectively. With pre-incubation of peptibodies and TGFβ molecules, a change (increase or decrease) in binding response indicates peptibody binding to the TGFβ family of molecules. The peptibodies of the present invention all bind to myostatin but not to Activin A, TGFβ1, TGFβ3, or BMP4.

[0401] KinEx A™ Equilibrium Assays

[0402] Solution-based equilibrium-binding assays using KinExA™ technology (Sapidyne Instruments, Inc.) were used to determine the dissociation equilibrium (K_(D)) of myostatin binding to peptibody molecules. This solution-based assay is considered to be more sensitive than the BIAcore assay in some instances. Reacti-Gel™ 6× was pre-coated with about 50 ug/ml myostatin for over-night, and then blocked with BSA. 30 pM and 100 pM of peptibody samples were incubated with various concentrations (0.5 pM to 5 nM) of myostatin in sample buffer at room temperature for 8 hours before being run through the myostatin-coated beads. The amount of the bead-bound peptibody was quantified by fluorescent (Cy5) labeled goat anti-human-Fc antibody at 1 mg/ml in superblock. The binding signal is proportional to the concentration of free peptibody at equilibrium with a given myostatin concentration. K_(D) was obtained from the nonlinear regression of the competition curves using a dual-curve one-site homogeneous binding model provided in the KinEx A™ software (Sapidyne Instruments, Inc.).

EXAMPLE 4 Comparison of Myostatin Inhibitors

[0403] The ability of three exemplary first-round peptibodies to bind to (K_(D)) and inhibit (IC₅₀) were compared with the K_(D) and IC₅₀ values obtained for the soluble receptor fusion protein actRIIB/Fc (R &D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.). The IC₅₀ values were determined using the pMARE luc cell-based assay described in Example 3 and the K_(D) values were determined using the Biacore® assay described in Example 3. TABLE III Inhibitor IC₅₀ (nM) K_(D) (nM) ActRIIB/Fc ˜83 ˜7 2xTN8-19-kc ˜9 ˜2 TN8-19 ˜23 ˜2 TN8-29 ˜26 ˜60 TN12-34 ˜30 — Linear-20 ˜11 —

[0404] The peptibodies have an IC₅₀ that is improved over the receptor/Fc inhibitor and binding affinities which are comparable in two peptibodies with the receptor/Fc.

EXAMPLE 5 Comparison of Ability of Peptide and Peptibody to Inhibit Myostatin

[0405] The following peptide sequence: QGHCTRWPWMCPPY (TN8-19) (SEQ ID NO: 33) was used to construct the corresponding peptibody TN8-19(pb) according to the procedure described in Example 2 above. Both the peptide alone and the peptibody were screened for myostatin inhibiting activity using the C2C12 based assay described in Example 3 above. It can be seen from FIG. 1 the IC₅₀ (effective concentration for fifty percent inhibition of myostatin) for the peptibody is significantly less than that of the peptide, and thus the ability of the peptide to inhibit myostatin activity has been substantially improved by placing it in the peptibody configuration.

EXAMPLE 6 Generation of Affinity-Matured Peptides and Peptibodies

[0406] Several of the first round peptides used for peptibody generation were chosen for affinity maturation. The selected peptides included the following: the cysteine constrained TN8-19, QGHCTRWPWMCPPY (SEQ ID NO: 33), and the linear peptides Linear-2 MEMLDSLFELLKDMVPISKA (SEQ ID NO: 104); Linear-15 HHGWNYLRKGSAPQWFEAWV (SEQ. ID NO: 117); Linear- 17 RATLLKDFWQLVEGYGDN (SEQ ID NO: 119); Linear-20. YREMSMLEGLLDVLERLQHY (SEQ ID NO: 122), Linear-21 HNSSQMLLSELIMLVGSMMQ (SEQ ID NO: 123), Linear-24 EFFHWLHNHRSEVNHWLDMN (SEQ ID NO: 126). Based on a consensus sequence, directed secondary phage display libraries were generated in which the “core” amino acids (determined from the consensus sequence) were either held constant or biased in frequency of occurrence. Alternatively, an individual peptide sequence could be used to generate a biased, directed phage display library. Panning of such libraries under more stringent conditions can yield peptides with enhanced binding to myostatin, selective binding to myostatin, or with some additional desired property.

[0407] Production of Doped Oligos for Libraries

[0408] Oligonucleotides were synthesized in a DNA synthesizer which were 91% “doped” at the core sequences, that is, each solution was 91% of the represented base (A, G, C, or T), and 3% of each of the other 3 nucleotides. For the TN8-19 family, for example, a 91% doped oligo used for the construction of a secondary phage library was the following: 5′-CAC AGT GCA CAG GGT NNK NNK NNK caK ggK caK tgK acK cgK tgK (SEQ ID NO: 634) ccK tgK atK tgK ccK ccK taK NNK NNK NNK CAT TCT CTC GAG ATC A-3′

[0409] wherein “N” indicates that each of the four nucleotides A, T, C, and G were equally represented, K indicates that G and T were equally represented, and the lower case letter represents a mixture of 91% of the indicated base and 3% of each of the other bases. The family of oligonucleotides prepared in this manner were PCR amplified as described above, ligated into a phagemid vectors, for example, a modified pCES1 plasmid (Dyax), or any available phagemid vector according to the protocol described above. The secondary phage libraries generated were all 91% doped and had between 1 and 6.5×10⁹ independent transformants. The libraries were panned as described above, but with the following conditions:

[0410] Round 1 Panning:

[0411] Input phage number: 10¹²-10¹³ cfu of phagemid

[0412] Selection method: Nunc Immuno Tube selection

[0413] Negative selection: 2× with Nunc Immuno Tubes coated with 2% BSA at 10 min. each

[0414] Panning coating: Coat with 1 μg of Myostatin protein in 1 ml of 0.1M Sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.6)

[0415] Binding time: 3 hours

[0416] Washing conditions: 6×2%-Milk-PBST; 6×PBST; 2×PBS

[0417] Elution condition: 100 mM TEA elution

[0418] Round 2 Panning:

[0419] Input phage number: 10¹¹ cfu of phagemid

[0420] Selection method: Nunc Immuno Tube selection

[0421] Negative selection: 2× with Nunc Immuno Tubes coated with 2%.BSA at 30 min. each

[0422] Panning coating: Coat with 1 μg of Myostatin protein in 1 ml of 0.1M Sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.6)

[0423] Binding time: 1 hour

[0424] Washing conditions: 15×2%-Milk-PBST, 1×2%-Milk-PBST for 1 hr., 10×2%-BSA-PBST, 1×2%-BSA-PBST for 1 hr., 10×PBST and 3×PBS

[0425] Elution condition: 100 mM TEA elution

[0426] Round 3 Panning:

[0427] Input phage number: 10¹⁰ cfu of phagemid

[0428] Selection method: Nunc Immuno Tube selection

[0429] Negative selection: 6× with Nunc Immuno Tubes coated with 2% BSA at 10 min. each

[0430] Panning coating: Coat with 0.1 μg of Myostatin protein in 1 ml of 0.1M Sodium carbonate buffer (pH 9.6)

[0431] Binding time: 1 hour

[0432] Washing conditions: 15×2%-Milk-PBST, 1×2%-Milk-PBST for 1 hr., 10×2%-BSA-PBST, 1×2%-BSA-PBST for 1 hr., 10×PBST and 3×PBS

[0433] Elution condition: 100 mM TEA elution

[0434] Panning of the secondary libraries yielded peptides with enhanced binding to myostatin. Individual selected clones were subjected phage ELISA, as described above, and sequenced.

[0435] The following affinity matured TN8-19 family of peptides are shown in Table IV below. TABLE IV Affinity- matured SEQ ID peptibody NO: Peptide sequence mTN8-19-1 305 VALHGQCTRWPWMCPPQREG mTN8-19-2 306 YPEQGLCTRWPWMCPPQTLA mTN8-19-3 307 GLNQGHCTRWPWMCPPQDSN mTN8-19-4 308 MITQGQCTRWPWMCPPQPSG mTN8-19-5 309 AGAQEHCTRWPWMCAPNDWI mTN8-19-6 310 GVNQGQCTRWRWMCPPNGWE mTN8-19-7 311 LADHGQCIRWPWMCPPEGWE mTN8-19-8 312 ILEQAQCTRWPWMCPPQRGG mTN8-19-9 313 TQTHAQCTRWPWMCPPQWEG mTN8-19-10 314 VVTQGHCTLWPWMCPPQRWR mTN8-19-11 315 IYPHDQCTRWPWMCPPQPYP mTN8-19-12 316 SYWQGQCTRWPWMCPPQWRG mTN8-19-13 317 MWQQGHCTRWPWMCPPQGWG mTN8-19-14 318 EFTQWHCTRWPWMCPPQRSQ mTN8-19-15 319 LDDQWQCTRWPWMCPPQGFS mTN8-19-16 320 YQTQGLCTRWPWMCPPQSQR mTN8-19-17 321 ESNQGQCTRWPWMCPPQGGW mTN8-19-18 322 WTDRGPCTRWPWMCPPQANG mTN8-19-19 323 VGTQGQCTRWPWMCPPYETG mTN8-19-20 324 PYEQGKCTRWPWMCPPYEVE mTN8-19-21 325 SEYQGLCTRWPWMCPPQGWK mTN8-19-22 326 TFSQGHCTRWPWMCPPQGWG mTN8-19-23 327 PGAHDHCTRWPWMCPPQSRY mTN8-19-24 328 VAEEWHCRRWPWMCPPQDWR mTN8-19-25 329 VGTQGHCTRWPWMCPPQPAG mTN8-19-26 330 EEDQAHCRSWPWMCPPQGWV mTN8-19-27 331 ADTQGHCTRWPWMCPPQHWF mTN8-19-28 332 SGPQGHCTRWPWMCAPQGWF mTN8-19-29 333 TLVQGHCTRWPWMCPPQRWV mTN8-19-30 334 GMAHGKCTRWAWMCPPQSWK mTN8-19-31 335 ELYHGQCTRWPWMCPPQSWA mTN8-19-32 336 VADHGHCTRWPWMCPPQGWG mTN8-19-33 337 PESQGHCTRWPWMCPPQGWG mTN8-19-34 338 IPAHGHCTRWPWMCPPQRWR mTN8-19-35 339 FTVHGHCTRWPWMCPPYGWV mTN8-19-36 340 PDFPGHCTRWRWMCPPQGWE mTN8-19-37 341 QLWQGPCTQWPWMCPPKGRY mTN8-19-38 342 HANDGHCTRWQWMCPPQWGG mTN8-19-39 343 ETDHGLCTRWPWMCPPYGAR mTN8-19-40 344 GTWQGLCTRWPWMCPPQGWQ mTN8-19 con1 345 VATQGQCTRWPWMCPPQGWG mTN8-19 con2 346 VATQGQCTRWPWMCPPQRWG mTN8 con6-1 347 QREWYPCYGGHLWCYDLHKA mTN8 con6-2 348 ISAWYSCYAGHFWCWDLKQK mTN8 con6-3 349 WTGWYQCYGGHLWCYDLRRK mTN8 con6-4 350 KTFWYPCYDGHFWCYNLKSS mTN8 con6-5 351 ESRWYPCYEGHLWCFDLTET

[0436] The consensus sequence derived from the affinity-matured TN-8-19-1 through Con2 (excluding the mTN8 con6 sequences) shown above is: Ca₁a₂Wa₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 352). All of these peptide comprise the sequence WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 633). The underlined amino acids represent the core amino acids present in all embodiments, and a₁, a₂ and a₃ are selected from a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid. In one embodiment of this consensus sequence, Cb₁b₂Wb₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 353), b₁ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R; b₂ is selected from any one of R, S, Q; and b₃ is selected from any one of P, R and Q. All of the peptides comprise the sequence WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 633). A more detailed analysis of the affinity matured TN8 sequences comprising SEQ ID NO: 352 provides the following formula:

c₁c₂c₃c₄c₅c₆Cc₇c₈Wc₉ WMCPPc₁₀c₁₁c₁₂c₁₃   (SEQ ID NO: 354),

[0437] wherein:

[0438] c₁ is absent or any amino acid;

[0439] c₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0440] c₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0441] c₄ is absent or any amino acid;

[0442] c₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0443] c₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0444] c₇ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0445] c₈ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0446] c₉ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar or basic amino acid; and wherein

[0447] c₁₀ to c₁₃ is any amino acid.

[0448] In one embodiment of the above formulation, b₇ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R; b₈ is selected from any one of R, S, Q; and b₉ is selected from any one of P, R and Q. This provides the following sequence:

d₁d₂d₃d₄d₅d₆Cd₇d₈Wd₉ WMCPPd₁₀d₁₁d₁₂d₁₃   (SEQ ID NO: 355),

[0449] d₁ is absent or any amino acid;

[0450] d₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0451] d₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0452] d₄ is absent or any amino acid;

[0453] d₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid;

[0454] d₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid;

[0455] d₇ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R;

[0456] d₈ is selected from any one of R, S, Q;

[0457] d₉ is selected from any one of P, R and Q

[0458] and d₁₀ through d₁₃ are selected from any amino acid.

[0459] The consensus sequence of the mTN8 con6 series is WYe₁e₂Ye₃G, (SEQ ID NO: 356) wherein e₁ is P, S or Y; e₂ is C or Q, and e₃ is G or H.

[0460] In addition to the TN-19 affinity matured family, additional affinity matured peptides were produced from the linear L-2, L-15, L-17, L-20, L-21, and L-24 first round peptides. These families are presented in Table V below. TABLE V Affinity matured SEQ ID peptibody NO: Peptide Sequence L2 104 MEMLDSLFELLKDMVPISKA mL2-Con1 357 RMEMLESLLELLKEIVPMSKAG mL2-Con2 358 RMEMLESLLELLKEIVPMSKAR mL2-1 359 RMEMLESLLELLKDIVPMSKPS mL2-2 360 GMEMLESLFELLQEIVPMSKAP mL2-3 361 RMEMLESLLELLKDIVPISNPP mL2-4 362 RIEMLESLLELLQEIVPISKAE mL2-5 363 RMEMLQSLLELLKDIVPMSNAR mL2-6 364 RMEMLESLLELLKEIVPTSNGT mL2-7 365 RMEMLESLFELLKEIVPMSKAG mL2-8 366 RMEMLGSLLELLKEIVPMSKAR mL2-9 367 QMELLDSLFELLKEIVPKSQPA mL2-10 368 RMEMLDSLLELLKEIVPMSNAR mL2-11 369 RMEMLESLLELLHEIVPMSQAG mL2-12 370 QMEMLESLLQLLKEIVPMSKAS mL2-13 371 RMEMLDSLLELLKDMVPMTTGA mL2-14 372 RIEMLESLLELLKDMVPMANAS mL2-15 373 RMEMLESLLQLLNEIVPMSRAR mL2-16 374 RMEMLESLFDLLKELVPMSKGV mL2-17 375 RIEMLESLLELLKDIVPIQKAR mL2-18 376 RMELLESLFELLKDMVPMSDSS mL2-19 377 RMEMLESLLEVLQEIVPRAKGA mL2-20 378 RMEMLDSLLQLLNEIVPMSHAR mL2-21 379 RMEMLESLLELLKDIVPMSNAG mL2-22 380 RMEMLQSLFELLKGMVPISKAG mL2-23 381 RMEMLESLLELLKEIVPNSTAA mL2-24 382 RMEMLQSLLELLKEIVPISKAG mL2-25 383 RIEMLDSLLELLNELVPMSKAR L-15 117 HHGWNYLRKGSAPQWFEAWV mL15-con1 384 QVESLQQLLMWLDQKLASGPQG mL15-1 385 RMELLESLFELLKEMVPRSKAV mL15-2 386 QAVSLQHLLMWLDQKLASGPQH mL15-3 387 DEDSLQQLLMWLDQKLASGPQL mL15-4 388 DVASLQQLLIWLDQKLAQGPHA mL15-5 389 EVDELQQLLNWLDHKLASGPLQ mL15-6 390 DVESLEQLLMWLDHQLASGPHG mL15-7 391 QVDSLQQVLLWLEHKLALGPQV mL15-8 392 GDESLQHLLMWLEQKLALGPHG mL15-9 393 QIEMLESLLDLLRDMVPMSNAF mL15-10 394 EVDSLQQLLMWLDQKLASGPQA mL15-11 395 EDESLQQLLIYLDKMLSSGPQV mL15-12 396 AMDQLHQLLIWLDHKLASGPQA mL15-13 397 RIEMLESLLELLDEIALIPKAW mL15-14 398 EVVSLQHLLMWLEHKLASGPDG mL15-15 399 GGESLQQLLMWLDQQLASGPQR mL15-16 400 GVESLQQLLIFLDHMLVSGPHD mL15-17 401 NVESLEHLMMWLERLLASGPYA mL15-18 402 QVDSLQQLLIWLDHQLASGPKR mL15-19 403 EVESLQQLLMWLEHKLAQGPQG mL15-20 404 EVDSLQQLLMWLDQKLASGPHA mL15-21 405 EVDSLQQLLMWLDQQLASGPQK mL15-22 406 GVEQLPQLLMWLEQKLASGPQR mL15-23 407 GEDSLQQLLMWLDQQLAAGPQV mL15-24 408 ADDSLQQLLMWLDRKLASGPHV mL15-25 409 PVDSLQQLLIWLDQKLASGPQG L-17 119 RATLLKDFWQLVEGYGDN mL17-con1 410 DWRATLLKEFWQLVEGLGDNLV mL17-con2 411 QSRATLLKEFWQLVEGLGDKQA mL17-1 412 DGRATLLTEFWQLVQGLGQKEA mL17-2 413 LARATLLKEFWQLVEGLGEKVV mL17-3 414 GSRDTLLKEFWQLVVGLGDMQT mL17-4 415 DARATLLKEFWQLVDAYGDRMV mL17-5 416 NDRAQLLRDFWQLVDGLGVKSW mL17-6 417 GVRETLLYELWYLLKGLGANQG mL17-7 418 QARATLLKEFCQLVGCQGDKLS mL17-8 419 QERATLLKEFWQLVAGLGQNMR mL17-9 420 SGRATLLKEFWQLVQGLGEYRW mL17-10 421 TMRATLLKEFWLFVDGQREMQW mL17-11 422 GERATLLNDFWQLVDGQGDNTG mL17-12 423 DERETLLKEFWQLVHGWGDNVA mL17-13 424 GGRATLLKELWQLLEGQGANLV mL17-14 425 TARATLLNELVQLVKGYGDKLV mL17-15 426 GMRATLLQEFWQLVGGQGDNWM mL17-16 427 STRATLLNDLWQLMKGWAEDRG mL17-17 428 SERATLLKELWQLVGGWGDNFG mL17-18 429 VGRATLLKEFWQLVEGLVGQSR mL17-19 430 EIRATLLKEFWQLVDEWREQPN mL17-20 431 QLRATLLKEFLQLVHGLGETDS mL17-21 432 TQRATLLKEFWQLIEGLGGKHV mL17-22 433 HYRATLLKEFWQLVDGLREQGV mL17-23 434 QSRVTLLREFWQLVESYRPIVN mL17-24 435 LSRATLLNEFWQFVDGQRDKRM mL17-25 436 WDRATLLNDFWHLMEELSQKPG mL17-26 437 QERATLLKEFWRMVEGLGKNRG mL17-27 438 NERATLLREFWQLVGGYGVNQR L-20 122 YREMSMLEGLLDVLERLQHY mL20-1 439 HQRDMSMLWELLDVLDGLRQYS mL20-2 440 TQRDMSMLDGLLEVLDQLRQQR mL20-3 441 TSRDMSLLWELLEELDRLGHQR mL20-4 442 MQHDMSMLYGLVELLESLGHQI mL20-5 443 WNRDMRMLESLFEVLDGLRQQV mL20-6 444 GYRDMSMLEGLLAVLDRLGPQL mL20 con1 445 TQRDMSMLEGLLEVLDRLGQQR mL20 con2 446 WYRDMSMLEGLLEVLDRLGQQR L-21 123 HNSSQMLLSELIMLVGSMMQ mL21-1 447 TQNSRQMLLSDFMMLVGSMIQG mL21-2 448 MQTSRHILLSEFMMLVGSLMHG mL21-3 449 HDNSRQMLLSDLLHLVGTMIQG mL21-4 450 MENSRQNLLRELIMLVGNMSHQ mL21-5 451 QDTSRHMLLREFMMLVGEMIQG mL21 con1 452 DQNSRQMLLSDLMILVGSMIQG L-24 126 EFFHWLHNHRSEVNHWLDMN mL24-1 453 NVFFQWVQKHGRVVYQWLDINV mL24-2 454 FDFLQWLQNHRSEVEHWLVMDV

[0461] The affinity matured peptides provided in Tables IV and V are then assembed into peptibodies as described above and assayed using the in vivo assays.

[0462] The affinity matured L2 peptides comprise a consensus sequence of f₁EMLf₂SLf₃f₄LL, (SEQ ID NO: 455), wherein f₁ is M or I; f₂ is any amino acid; f₃ is L or F; and f₄is E, Q or D.

[0463] The affinity matured L15 peptide family comprise the sequence Lg₁g₂LLg₃g₄L, (SEQ ID NO: 456), wherein g₁ is Q, D or E, g₂ is S, Q, D or E, g₃ is any amino acid, and g₄ is L, W, F, or Y. The affinity matured L17 family comprises the sequence: h₁h₂h₃h₄h₅h₆h₇h₈h₉ (SEQ ID NO: 457) wherein h₁ is R or D; h₂ is any amino acid; h₃ is A, T S or Q; h₄ is L or M; h₅ is L or S; h₆ is any amino acid; h₇ is F or E; h₈ is W, F or C; and h₉ is L, F, M or K. Consensus sequences may also be determined for the mL20, mL21 and mL24 families of peptides shown above.

[0464] Peptibodies were constructed from these affinity matured peptides as described above, using a linker attached to the Fc domain of human IgG1, having SEQ ID NO: 296, at the N-terminus (N configuration), at the C terminus (C configuration) of the Fc, or at both the N and C terminals (N,C configurations), as described in Example 2 above. The peptides named were attached to the C or N terminals via a 5 glycine (5G), 8 glycine or k linker sequence. In the 2× peptibody version the peptides were linked with linkers such as 5 gly, 8 gly or k. Affinity matured peptides and peptibodies are designated with a small “m” such as mTN8-19-22 for example. Peptibodies of the present invention further contain two splice sites where the peptides were spliced into the phagemid vectors. The position of these splice sites are AQ—peptide—LE. The peptibodies generally include these additional amino acids (although they are not included in the peptide sequences listed in the tables). In some peptibodies the LE amino acids were removed from the peptides sequences. These peptibodies are designated—LE.

[0465] Exemplary peptibodies, and exemplary polynucleotide sequences encoding them, are provided in Table VI below. This table includes examples of peptibody sequences (as opposed to peptide only), such as the 2× mTN8-19-7 (SEQ ID NO: 615) and the peptibody with the LE sequences deleted (SEQ ID NO: 617). By way of explanation, the linker sequences in the 2× versions refers to the linker between the tandem peptides. These peptibody sequences contain the Fc, linkers, AQ and LE sequences. The accompanying nucleotide sequence encodes the peptide sequence in addition to the AQ/LE linker sequences, if present, but does not encode the designated linker. TABLE VI Peptibody Name Peptide Nucleotide Sequence (SEQ ID No) Linker Terminus mL2-Con1 RMEMLESLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 458) 5 gly N KEIVPMSKAG TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTAAAGCTGGT mL2-Con2 RMEMLESLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 459) 5 gly N KEIVPMSKAR TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTAAAGCTCGT mL2-1 RMEMLESLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 460) 5 gly N KDIVPMSKPS TTGAACTTCTTAAAGATATTGTTCC AATGTCTAAACCATCT mL2-2 GMEMLESLFELL GGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 461) 5 gly N QEIVPMSKAP TTGAACTTCTTCAAGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTAAAGCTCCA mL2-3 RMEMLESLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 462) 5 gly N KDIVPISNPP TTGAACTTCTTAAAGATATTGTTCC AATTTCTAATCCACCA mL2-4 RIEMLESLLELLQ CGTATTGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 463) 5 gly N EIVPISKAE TTGAACTTCTTCAAGAAATTGTTCC AATTTCTAAAGCTGAA mL2-5 RMEMLQSLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTCAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 464) 5 gly N KDIVPMSNAR TTGAACTTCTTAAAGATATTGTTCC AATGTCTAATGCTCGT mL2-6 RMEMLESLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 465) 5 gly N KEIVPTSNGT TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AACTTCTAATGGTACT m12-7 RMEMLESLFELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 466) 5 gly N KEIVPMSKAG TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTAAAGCTGGT mL2-8 RMEMLGSLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGGTTCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 467) 5 gly N KEIVPMSKAR TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTAAAGCTCGT mL2-9 QMELLDSLFELL CAAATGGAACTTCTTGATTCTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 468) 5 gly N KEIVPKSQPA TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AAAATCTCAACCAGCT mL2-10 RMEMLDSLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGATTCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 469) 5 gly N KEIVPMSNAR TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTAATGCTCGT mL2-11 RMEMLESLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 470) 5 gly N HEIVPMSQAG TTGAACTTCTTCATGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTCAAGCTGGT mL2-12 QMEMLESLLQLL CAAATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 471) 5 gly N KEIVPMSKAS TTCAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTAAAGCTTCT mL2-13 RMEMLDSLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGATTCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 472) 5 gly N KDMVPMTTGA TTGAACTTCTTAAAGATATGGTTCC AATGACTACTGGTGCT mL2-14 RIEMLESLLELLK CGTATTGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 473) 5 gly N DMVPMANAS TTGAACTTCTTAAAGATATGGTTCC AATGGCTAATGCTTCT mL2-15 RMEMLESLLQLL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 474) 5 gly N NEIVPMSRAR TTCAACTTCTTAATGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTCGTGCTCGT mL2-16 RMEMLESLFDLL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 475) 5 gly N KELVPMSKGV TTGATCTTCTTAAAGAACTTGTTCC AATGTCTAAAGGTGTT mL2-17 RIEMLESLLELLK CGTATTGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 476) 5 gly N DIVPIQKAR TTGAACTTCTTAAAGATATTGTTCC AATTCAAAAAGCTCGT mL2-18 RMELLESLFELLK CGTATGGAACTTCTTGAATCTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 477) 5 gly N DMVPMSDSS TTGAACTTCTTAAAGATATGGTTCC AATGTCTGATTCTTCT mL2-19 RMEMLESLLEVL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 478) 5 gly N QEIVPRAKGA TTGAAGTTCTTCAAGAAATTGTTCC ACGTGCTAAAGGTGCT mL2-20 RMEMLDSLLQLL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGATTCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 479) 5 gly N NEIVPMSHAR TTCAACTTCTTAATGAAATTGTTCC AATGTCTCATGCTCGT mL2-21 RMEMLESLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 480) 5 gly N KDIVPMSNAG TTGAACTTCTTAAAGATATTGTTCC AATGTCTAATGCTGGT mL2-22 RMEMLQSLFELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTCAATCTCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 481) 5 gly N KGMVPISKAG TTGAACTTCTTAAAGGTATGGTTCC AATTTCTAAAGCTGGT mL2-23 RMEMLESLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTGAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 482) 5 gly N KEIVPNSTAA TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AAATTCTACTGCTGCT mL2-24 RMEMLQSLLELL CGTATGGAAATGCTTCAATCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 483) 5 gly N KEIVPISKAG TTGAACTTCTTAAAGAAATTGTTCC AATTTCTAAAGCTGGT mL2-25 RIEMLDSLLELLN CGTATTGAAATGCTTGATTCTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 484) 5 gly N ELVPMSKAR TTGAACTTCTTAATGAACTTGTTCC AATGTCTAAAGCTCGT mL17-Con1 DWRATLLKEFW GATTGGCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 485) 5 gly N QLVEGLGDNLV AATTTTGGCAACTTGTTGAAGGTCT TGGTGATAATCTTGTT mL17-1 DGRATLLTEFWQ GATGGTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTACTG (SEQ ID NO: 486) 5 gly N LVQGLGQKEA AATTTTGGCAACTTGTTCAAGGTCT TGGTCAAAAAGAAGCT mL17-2 LARATLLKEFWQ CTTGCTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 487) 5 gly N LVEGLGEKVV AATTTTGGCAACTTGTTGAAGGTCT TGGTGAAAAAGTTGTT mL17-3 GSRDTLLKEFWQ GGTTCTCGTGATACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 488) 5 gly N LVVGLGDMQT AATTTTGGCAACTTGTTGTTGGTCT TGGTGATATGCAAACT mL17-4 DARATLLKEFWQ GATGCTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 489) 5 gly N LVDAYGDRMV AATTTTGGCAACTTGTTGATGCTTA TGGTGATCGTATGGTT mL17-5 NDRAQLLRDFWQ AATGATCGTGCTCAACTTCTTCGTG (SEQ ID NO: 490) 5 gly N LVDGLGVKSW ATTTTTGGCAACTTGTTGATGGTCT TGGTGTTAAATCTTGG mL17-6 GVRETLLYELWY GGTGTTCGTGAAACTCTTCTTTATG (SEQ ID NO: 491) 5 gly N LLKGLGANQG AACTTTGGTATCTTCTTAAAGGTCT TGGTGCTAATCAAGGT mL17-7 QARATLLKEFCQ CAAGCTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 492) 5 gly N LVGCQGDKLS AATTTTGTCAACTTGTTGGTTGTCA AGGTGATAAACTTTCT mL17-8 QERATLLKEFWQ CAAGAACGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAA (SEQ ID NO: 493) 5 gly N LVAGLGQNMR GAATTTTGGCAACTTGTTGCTGGTC TTGGTCAAAATATGCGT mL17-9 SGRATLLKEFWQ TCTGGTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 494) 5 gly N LVQGLGEYRW AATTTTGGCAACTTGTTCAAGGTCT TGGTGAATATCGTTGG mL17-10 TMRATLLKEFWL ACTATGCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 495) 5 gly N FVDGQREMQW AATTTTGGCTTTTTGTTGATGGTCA ACGTGAAATGCAATGG mL17-11 GERATLLNDFWQ GGTGAACGTGCTACTCTTCTTAATG (SEQ ID NO: 496) 5 gly N LVDGQGDNTG ATTTTTGGCAACTTGTTGATGGTCA AGGTGATAATACTGGT mL17-12 DERETLLKEFWQ GATGAACGTGAAACTCTTCTTAAA (SEQ ID NO: 497) 5 gly N LVHGWGDNVA GAATTTTGGCAACTTGTTCATGGTT GGGGTGATAATGTTGCT mL17-13 GGRATLLKELWQ GGTGGTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 498) 5 gly N LLEGQGANLV AACTTTGGCAACTTCTTGAAGGTCA AGGTGCTAATCTTGTT mL17-14 TARATLLNELVQ ACTGCTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAATG (SEQ ID NO: 499) 5 gly N LVKGYGDKLV AACTTGTTCAACTTGTTAAAGGTTA TGGTGATAAACTTGTT mL17-15 GMRATLLQEFWQ GGTATGCGTGCTACTCTTCTTCAAG (SEQ ID NO: 500) 5 gly N LVGGQGDNWM AATTTTGGCAACTTGTTGGTGGTCA AGGTGATAATTGGATG mL17-16 STRATLLNDLWQ TCTACTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAATG (SEQ ID NO: 501) 5 gly N LMKGWAEDRG ATCTTTGGCAACTTATGAAAGGTTG GGCTGAAGATCGTGGT mL17-17 SERATLLKELWQ TCTGAACGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 502) 5 gly N LVGGWGDNFG AACTTTGGCAACTTGTTGGTGGTTG GGGTGATAATTTTGGT mL17-18 VGRATLLKEFWQ GTTGGTCGTGCTACTCTTCTTAAAG (SEQ ID NO: 503) 5 gly N LVEGLVGQSR AATTTTGGCAACTTGTTGAAGGTCT TGTTGGTCAATCTCGT 2x mTN8-Con6- M-GAQ- (SEQ ID NO: 504) TGGTATCCGTGTTATGAGGGTCACT (SEQ ID NO: 505) 1K N (N)-1K WYPCYEGHFWC TCTGGTGCTACGATCTGGGTTCTGG YDL- TTCCACTGCTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGT GSGSATGGSGST TCCGCTACTGGTTGGTACCCGTGCT ASSGSGSATG- ACGAAGGTCACTTTTGGTGTTATGA WYPCYEGHFWC TCTG YDL-LE-5G-FC 2x mTN8-Con6- FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 506) TGGTATCCGTGTTATGAGGGTCACT (SEQ ID NO: 507) 1K C (C)-1K WYPCYEGHFWC TCTGGTGCTACGATCTGGGTTCTGG YDL- TTCCACTGCTTCTTCTGGTTCCGGT GSGSATGGSGST TCCGCTACTGGTTGGTACCCGTGCT ASSGSGSATG- ACGAAGGTCACTTTTGGTGTTATGA WYPCYEGHFWC TCTG YDL-LE 2x mTN8-Con7- M-GAQ- (SEQ ID NO: 508) ATCTTTGGCTGTAAATGGTGGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 509) 1K N (N)-1K IFGCKWWDVQC GTTCAGTGCTACCAGTTCGGTTCTG YQF- GTTCCACTGCTTCTTCTGGTTCCGG GSGSATGGSGST TTCCGCTACTGGTATCTTCGGTTGC ASSGSGSATG- AAGTGGTGGGATGTACAGTGTTAT IFGCKWWDVQC CAGTTT YQF-LE-5G-FC 2x mTN8-Con7- FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 510) ATCTTTGGCTGTAAATGGTGGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 511) 1K C (C)-1K IFGCKWWDVQC GTTCAGTGCTACCAGTTCGGTTCTG YQF- GTTCCACTGCTTCTTCTGGTTCCGG GSGSATGGSGST TTCCGCTACTGGTATCTTCGGTTGC ASSGSGSATG- AAGTGGTGGGATGTACAGTGTTAT IFGCKWWDVQC CAGTTT YQF-LE 2x mTN8-Con8- M-GAQ- (SEQ ID NO: 512) ATCTTTGGCTGTAAGTGGTGGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 513) 1K N (N)-1K IFGCKWWDVDC GTTGACTGCTACCAGTTCGGTTCTG YQF- GTTCCACTGCTTCTTCTGGTTCCGG GSGSATGGSGST TTCCGCTACTGGTATCTTCGGTTGC ASSGSGSATG- AAATGGTGGGACGTTGATTGTTAT IFGCKWWDVDC CAGTTT YQF-LE-5G-FC 2x mTN8-Con8- FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 514) ATCTTTGGCTGTAAGTGGTGGGAC (SEQ ID NO: 515) 1K C (C)-1K IFGCKWWDVDC GTTGACTGCTACCAGTTCGGTTCTG YQF- GTTCCACTGCTTCTTCTGGTTCCGG GSGSATGGSGST TTCCGCTACTGGTATCTTCGGTTGC ASSGSGSATG- AAATGGTGGGACGTTGATTGTTAT IFGCKWWDVDC CAGTTT YQF-LE ML15-Con1 QVESLQQLLMWL CAGGTTGAATCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 516) 5 gly C DQKLASGPQG CTGATGTGGCTGGACCAGAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCAGGGT ML15-1 RMELLESLFELLK CGTATGGAACTGCTGGAATCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 517) 5 gly C EMVPRSKAV TTCGAACTGCTGAAAGAAATGGTT CCGCGTTCCAAAGCTGTT mL15-2 QAVSLQHLLMW CAGGCTGTTTCCCTGCAGCACCTGC (SEQ ID NO: 518) 5 gly C LDQKLASGPQH TGATGTGGCTGGACCAGAAACTGG CTTCCGGTCCGCAGCAC mL15-3 DEDSLQQLLMWL GACGAAGACTCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 519) 5 gly C DQKLASGPQL CTGATGTGGCTGGACCAGAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCAGCTG mL15-4 PVASLQQLLIWL CCGGTTGCTTCCCTGCAGCAGCTGC (SEQ ID NO: 520) 5 gly C DQKLAQGPHA TGATCTGGCTGGACCAGAAACTGG CTCAGGGTCCGCACGCT mL15-5 EVDELQQLLNWL GAAGTTGACGAACTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 521) 5 gly C DHKLASGPLQ CTGAACTGGCTGGACCACAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCTGCAG mL15-6 DVESLEQLLMWL GACGTTGAATCCCTGGAACAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 522) 5 gly C DHQLASGPHG CTGATGTGGCTGGACCACCAGCTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCACGGT mL15-7 QVDSLQQVLLWL CAGGTTGACTCCCTGCAGCAGGTT (SEQ ID NO: 523) 5 gly C EHKLALGPQV CTGCTGTGGCTGGAACACAAACTG GCTCTGGGTCCGCAGGTT mL15-8 GDESLQHLLMWL GGTGACGAATCCCTGCAGCACCTG (SEQ ID NO: 524) 5 gly C EQKLALGPHG CTGATGTGGCTGGAACAGAAACTG GCTCTGGGTCCGCACGGT mL15-9 QIEMLESLLDLLR CAGATCGAAATGCTGGAATCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 525) 5 gly C DMVPMSNAF CTGGACCTGCTGCGTGACATGGTTC CGATGTCCAACGCTTTC mL15-10 EVDSLQQLLMWL GAAGTTGACTCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 526) 5 gly C DQKLASGPQA CTGATGTGGCTGGACCAGAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCAGGCT mL15-11 EDESLQQLLIYLD GAAGACGAATCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 527) 5 gly C KMLSSGPQV CTGATCTACCTGGACAAAATGCTG TCCTCCGGTCCGCAGGTT mL15-12 AMDQLHQLLIWL GCTATGGACCAGCTGCACCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 528) 5 gly C DHKLASGPQA CTGATCTGGCTGGACCACAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCAGGCT mL15-13 RIEMLESLLELLD CGTATCGAAATGCTGGAATCCCTG (SEQ ID NO: 529) 5 gly C EIALIPKAW CTGGAACTGCTGGACGAAATCGCT CTGATCCCGAAAGCTTGG mL15-14 EVVSLQHLLMWL GAAGTTGTTTCCCTGCAGCACCTGC (SEQ ID NO: 530) 5 gly C EHKLASGPDG TGATGTGGCTGGAACACAAACTGG CTTCCGGTCCGGACGGT mL15-15 GGESLQQLLMWL GGTGGTGAATCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 531) 5 gly C DQQLASGPQR CTGATGTGGCTGGACCAGCAGCTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCAGCGT mL15-16 GVESLQQLLIFLD GGTGTTGAATCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 532) 5 gly C HMLVSGPHD CTGATCTTCCTGGACCACATGCTGG TTTCCGGTCCGCACGAC mL15-17 NVESLEHLMMW AACGTTGAATCCCTGGAACACCTG (SEQ ID NO: 533) 5 gly C LERLLASGPYA ATGATGTGGCTGGAACGTCTGCTG GCTTCCGGTCCGTACGCT mL15-18 QVDSLQQLLIWL CAGGTTGACTCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 534) 5 gly C DHQLASGPKR CTGATCTGGCTGGACCACCAGCTG GCTTCCGGTCCGAAACGT mL15-19 EVESLQQLLMWL GAAGTTGAATCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 535) 5 gly C EHKLAQGPQG CTGATGTGGCTGGAACACAAACTG GCTCAGGGTCCGCAGGGT mL15-20 EVDSLQQLLMWL GAAGTTGACTCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 536) 5 gly C DQKLASGPHA CTGATGTGGCTGGACCAGAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCACGCT mL15-21 EVDSLQQLLMWL GAAGTTGACTCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 537) 5 gly C DQQLASGPQK CTGATGTGGCTGGACCAGCAGCTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCAGAAA mL15-22 GVEQLPQLLMWL GGTGTTGAACAGCTGCCGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 538) 5 gly C EQKLASGPQR CTGATGTGGCTGGAACAGAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCAGCGT mL15-23 GEDSLQQLLMWL GGTGAAGACTCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 539) 5 gly C DQQLAAGPQV CTGATGTGGCTGGACCAGCAGCTG GCTGCTGGTCCGCAGGTT mL15-24 ADDSLQQLLMW GCTGACGACTCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 540) 5 gly C LDRKLASGPHV CTGATGTGGCTGGACCGTAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCACGTT mL15-25 PVDSLQQLLIWL CCGGTTGACTCCCTGCAGCAGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 541) 5 gly C DQKLASGPQG CTGATCTGGCTGGACCAGAAACTG GCTTCCGGTCCGCAGGGT mL17-Con2 QSRATLLKEFWQ CAGTCCCGTGCTACCCTGCTGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 542) 5 gly C LVEGLGDKQA GAATTCTGGCAGCTGGTTGAAGGT CTGGGTGACAAACAGGCT mL17-19 EIRATLLKEFWQL GAAATCCGTGCTACCCTGCTGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 543) 5 gly C VDEWREQPN GAATTCTGGCAGCTGGTTGACGAA TGGCGTGAACAGCCGAAC mL17-20 QLRATLLKEFLQL CAGCTGCGTGCTACCCTGCTGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 544) 5 gly C VHGLGETDS GAATTCCTGCAGCTGGTTCACGGTC TGGGTGAAACCGACTCC mL17-21 TQRATLLKEFWQ ACCCAGCGTGCTACCCTGCTGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 545) 5 gly C LIEGLGGKHV GAATTCTGGCAGCTGATCGAAGGT CTGGGTGGTAAACACGTT mL17-22 HYRATLLKEFWQ CACTACCGTGCTACCCTGCTGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 546) 5 gly C LVDGLREQGV GAATTCTGGCAGCTGGTTGACGGT CTGCGTGAACAGGGTGTT mL17-23 QSRVTLLREFWQ CAGTCCCGTGTTACCCTGCTGCGTG (SEQ ID NO: 547) 5 gly C LVESYRPIVN AATTCTGGCAGCTGGTTGAATCCTA CCGTCCGATCGTTAAC mL17-24 LSRATLLNEFWQ CTGTCCCGTGCTACCCTGCTGAACG (SEQ ID NO: 548) 5 gly C FVDGQRDKRM AATTCTGGCAGTTCGTTGACGGTCA GCGTGACAAACGTATG mL17-25 WDRATLLNDFW TGGGACCGTGCTACCCTGCTGAAC (SEQ ID NO: 549) 5 gly C HLMEELSQKPG GACTTCTGGCACCTGATGGAAGAA CTGTCCCAGAAACCGGGT mL17-26 QERATLLKEFWR CAGGAACGTGCTACCCTGCTGAAA (SEQ ID NO: 550) 5 gly C MVEGLGKNRG GAATTCTGGCGTATGGTTGAAGGT CTGGGTAAAAACCGTGGT mL17-27 NERATLLREFWQ AACGAACGTGCTACCCTGCTGCGT (SEQ ID NO: 551) 5 gly C LVGGYGVNQR GAATTCTGGCAGCTGGTTGGTGGTT ACGGTGTTAACCAGCGT mTN8Con6-1 QREWYPCYGGHL CAGCGTGAATGGTACCCGTGCTAC (SEQ ID NO: 552) 5 gly C WCYDLHKA GGTGGTCACCTGTGGTGCTACGAC CTGCACAAAGCT mTN8Con6-2 ISAWYSCYAGHF ATCTCCGCTTGGTACTCCTGCTACG (SEQ ID NO: 553) 5 gly C WCWDLKQK CTGGTCACTTCTGGTGCTGGGACCT GAAACAGAAA mTN8Con6-3 WTGWYQCYGGH TGGACCGGTTGGTACCAGTGCTAC (SEQ ID NO: 554) 5 gly C LWCYDLRRK GGTGGTCACCTGTGGTGCTACGAC CTGCGTCGTAAA mTN8Con6-4 KTFWYPCYDGHF AAAACCTTCTGGTACCCGTGCTAC (SEQ ID NO: 545) 5 gly C WCYNLKSS GACGGTCACTTCTGGTGCTACAAC CTGAAATCCTCC mTN8Con6-5 ESRWYPCYEGHL GAATCCCGTTGGTACCCGTGCTAC (SEQ ID NO: 546) 5 gly C WCFDLTET GAAGGTCACCTGTGGTGCTTCGAC CTGACCGAAACC mL24-1 NVFFQWVQKHG AATGTTTTTTTTCAATGGGTTCAAA (SEQ ID NO: 557) 5 gly C RVVYQWLDINV AACATGGTCGTGTTGTTTATCAATG GCTTGATATTAATGTT mL24-2 FDFLQWLQNHRS TTTGATTTTCTTCAATGGCTTCAAA (SEQ ID NO: 558) 5 gly C EVEHWLVMDV ATCATCGTTCTGAAGTTGAACATTG GCTTGTTATGGATGTT mL20-1 HQRDMSMLWEL CATCAACGTGATATGTCTATGCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 559) 5 gly C LDVLDGLRQYS GGGAACTTCTTGATGTTCTTGATGG TCTTCGTCAATATTCT mL20-2 TQRDMSMLDGLL ACTCAACGTGATATGTCTATGCTTG (SEQ ID NO: 560) 5 gly C EVLDQLRQQR ATGGTCTTCTTGAAGTTCTTGATCA ACTTCGTCAACAACGT mL20-3 TSRDMSLLWELL ACCTCCCGTGACATGTCCCTGCTGT (SEQ ID NO: 561) 5 gly C EELDRLGHQR GGGAACTGCTGGAAGAACTGGACC GTCTGGGTCACCAGCGT mL20-4 MQHDMSMLYGL ATGCAACATGATATGTCTATGCTTT (SEQ ID NO: 562) 5 gly C VELLESLGHQI ATGGTCTTGTTGAACTTCTTGAATC TCTTGGTCATCAAATT mL20-5 WNRDMRMLESL TGGAATCGTGATATGCGTATGCTTG (SEQ ID NO: 563) 5 gly C FEVLDGLRQQV AATCTCTTTTTGAAGTTCTTGATGG TCTTCGTCAACAAGTT mL20-6 GYRDMSMLEGLL GGTTATCGTGATATGTCTATGCTTG (SEQ ID NO: 564) 5 gly C AVLDRLGPQL AAGGTCTTCTTGCTGTTCTTGATCG TCTTGGTCCACAACTT mL20 Con1 TQRDMSMLEGLL ACTCAACGTGATATGTCTATGCTTG (SEQ ID NO: 565) 5 gly C EVLDRLGQQR AAGGTCTTCTTGAAGTTCTTGATCG TCTTGGTCAACAACGT mL20 Con2 WYRDMSMLEGL TGGTACCGTGACATGTCCATGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 566) 5 gly C LEVLDRLGQQR GAAGGTCTGCTGGAAGTTCTGGAC CGTCTGGGTCAGCAGCGT mL21-1 TQNSRQMLLSDF ACTCAAAATTCTCGTCAAATGCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 567) 5 gly C MMLVGSMIQG TTTCTGATTTTATGATGCTTGTTGG TTCTATGATTCAAGGT mL21-2 MQTSRHILLSEFM ATGCAAACTTCTCGTCATATTCTTC (SEQ ID NO: 568) 5 gly C MLVGSIMHG TTTCTGAATTTATGATGCTTGTTGG TTCTATTATGCATGGT mL21-3 HDNSRQMLLSDL CACGACAACTCCCGTCAGATGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 569) 5 gly C LHLVGTMIQG CTGTCCGACCTGCTGCACCTGGTTG GTACCATGATCCAGGGT mL21-4 MENSRQNLLRELI ATGGAAAACTCCCGTCAGAACCTG (SEQ ID NO: 570) 5 gly C MLVGNMSHQ CTGCGTGAACTGATCATGCTGGTTG GTAACATGTCCCACCAG mL21-5 QDTSRHMLLREF CAGGACACCTCCCGTCACATGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 571) 5 gly C MMLVGEMIQG CTGCGTGAATTCATGATGCTGGTTG GTGAAATGATCCAGGGT mL21 Con1 DQNSRQMLLSDL GACCAGAACTCCCGTCAGATGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 572) 5 gly C MILVGSMIQG CTGTCCGACCTGATGATCCTGGTTG GTTCCATGATCCAGGGT mTN8-19-1 VALHGQCTRWP GTTGCTCTTCATGGTCAATGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 573) 5 gly C WMCPPQREG GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC AACGTGAAGGT mTN8-19-2 YPEQGLCTRWPW TATCCAGAACAAGGTCTTTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 574) 5 gly C MCPPQTLA GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC AAACTCTTGCT mTN8-19-3 GLNQGHCTRWP GGTCTGAACCAGGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 575) 5 gly C WMCPPQDSN CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGACTCCAAC mTN8-19-4 MITQGQCTRWPW ATGATTACTCAAGGTCAATGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 576) 5 gly C MCPPQPSG GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC AACCATCTGGT mTN8-19-5 AGAQEHCTRWP GCTGGTGCTCAGGAACACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 577) 5 gly C WMCAPNDWI CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCGCTCCG AACGACTGGATC mTN8-19-6 GVNQGQCTRWR GGTGTTAACCAGGGTCAGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 578) 5 gly C WMCPPNGWE CGTTGGCGTTGGATGTGCCCGCCG AACGGTTGGGAA mTN8-19-7 LADHGQCIRWPW CTGGCTGACCACGGTCAGTGCATC (SEQ ID NO: 579) 5 gly C MCPPEGWE CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG GAAGGTTGGGAA mTN8-19-8 ILEQAQCTRWPW ATCCTGGAACAGGCTCAGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 580) 5 gly C MCPPQRGG CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGCGTGGTGGT mTN8-19-9 TQTHAQCTRWP ACTCAAACTCATGCTCAATGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 581) 5 gly C WMCPPQWEG GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC AATGGGAAGGT mTN8-19-10 VVTQGHCTLWP GTTGTTACTCAAGGTCATTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 582) 5 gly C WMCPPQRWR TTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCACA ACGTTGGCGT mTN8-19-11 IYPHDQCTRWPW ATTTATCCACATGATCAATGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 583) 5 gly C MCPPQPYP GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC AACCATATCCA mTN8-19-12 SYWQGQCTRWP TCTTATTGGCAAGGTCAATGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 584) 5 gly C WMCPPQWRG GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC AATGGCGTGGT mTN8-19-13 MWQQGHCTRWP ATGTGGCAACAAGGTCATTGTACT (SEQ ID NO: 585) 5 gly C WMCPPQGWG CGTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCA CAAGGTTGGGGT mTN8-19-14 EFTQWHCTRWP GAATTCACCCAGTGGCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 586) 5 gly C WMCPPQRSQ CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGCGTTCCCAG mTN8-19-15 LDDQWQCTRWP CTGGACGACCAGTGGCAGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 587) 5 gly C WMCPPQGFS CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGGTTTCTCC mTN8-19-16 YQTQGLCTRWP TATCAAACTCAAGGTCTTTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 588) 5 gly C WMCPPQSQR GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC AATCTCAACGT mTN8-19-17 ESNQGQCTRWP GAATCTAATCAAGGTCAATGTACT (SEQ ID NO: 589) 5 gly C WMCPPQGGW CGTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCA CAAGGTGGTTGG mTN8-19-18 WTDRGPCTRWP TGGACCGACCGTGGTCCGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 590) 5 gly C WMCPPQANG CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGCTAACGGT mTN8-19-19 VGTQGQCTRWP GTTGGTACCCAGGGTCAGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 591) 5 gly C WMCPPYETG CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG TACGAAACCGGT mTN8-19-20 PYEQGKCTRWP CCGTACGAACAGGGTAAATGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 592) 5 gly C WMCPPYEVE CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG TACGAAGTTGAA mTN8-19-21 SEYQGLCTRWPW TCCGAATACCAGGGTCTGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 593) 5 gly C MCPPQGWK CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGGTTGGAAA mTN8-19-22 TFSQGHCTRWPW ACCTTCTCCCAGGGTCACTGCACCC (SEQ ID NO: 594) 5 gly C MCPPQGWG GTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCGC AGGGTTGGGGT mTN8-19-23 PGAHDHCTRWP CCGGGTGCTCACGACCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 595) 5 gly C WMCPPQSRY CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGTCCCGTTAC mTN8-19-24 VAEEWHCRRWP GTTGCTGAAGAATGGCACTGCCGT (SEQ ID NO: 596) 5 gly C WMCPPQDWR CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGACTGGCGT mTN8-19-25 VGTQGHCTRWP GTTGGTACCCAGGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 597) 5 gly C WMCPPQPAG CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGCCGGCTGGT mTN8-19-26 EEDQAHCRSWP GAAGAAGACCAGGCTCACTGCCGT (SEQ ID NO: 598) 5 gly C WMCPPQGWV TCCTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGGTTGGGTT mTN8-19-27 ADTQGHCTRWP GCTGACACCCAGGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 599) 5 gly C WMCPPQHWF CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGCACTGGTTC mTN8-19-28 SGPQGHCTRWPW TCCGGTCCGCAGGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 600) 5 gly C MCAPQGWF CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCGCTCCG CAGGGTTGGTTC mTN8-19-29 TLVQGHCTRWP ACCCTGGTTCAGGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 601) 5 gly C WMCPPQRWV CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGCGTTGGGTT mTN8-19-30 GMAHGKCTRWA GGTATGGCTCACGGTAAATGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 602) 5 gly C WMCPPQSWK CGTTGGGCTTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGTCCTGGAAA mTN8-19-31 ELYHGQCTRWP GAACTGTACCACGGTCAGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 603) 5 gly C WMCPPQSWA CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGTCCTGGGCT mTN8-19-32 VADHGHCTRWP GTTGCTGACCACGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 604 5 gly C WMCPPQGWG CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGGTTGGGGT mTN8-19-33 PESQGHCTRWPW CCGGAATCCCAGGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 605) 5 gly C MCPPQGWG CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGGTTGGGGT mTN8-19-34 IPAHGHCTRWPW ATCCCGGCTCACGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 606) 5 gly C MCPPQRWR CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGCGTTGGCGT mTN8-19-35 FTVHGHCTRWP TTCACCGTTCACGGTCACTGCACCC (SEQ ID NO: 607) 5 gly C WMCPPYGWV GTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCGT ACGGTTGGGTT mTN8-19-36 PDFPGHCTRWRW CCAGATTTTCCAGGTCATTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 608) 5 gly C MCPPQGWE GTTGGCGTTGGATGTGTCCACCAC AAGGTTGGGAA mTN8-19-37 QLWQGPCTQWP CAGCTGTGGCAGGGTCCGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 609) 5 gly C WMCPPKGRY CAGTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG AAAGGTCGTTAC mTN8-19-38 HANDGHCTRWQ CACGCTAACGACGGTCACTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 610) 5 gly C WMCPPQWGG CGTTGGCAGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGTGGGGTGGT mTN8-19-39 ETDHGLCTRWPW GAAACCGACCACGGTCTGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 611) 5 gly C MCPPYGAR CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG TACGGTGCTCGT mTN8-19-40 GTWQGLCTRWP GGTACCTGGCAGGGTCTGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 612) 5 gly C WMCPPQGWQ CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGGTTGGCAG mTN8-19 Con1 VATQGQCTRWP GTTGCTACCCAGGGTCAGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 613) 5 gly C WMCPPQGWG CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGGGTTGGGGT mTN8-19 Con2 VATQGQCTRWP GTTGCTACCCAGGGTCAGTGCACC (SEQ ID NO: 614) 5 gly C WMCPPQRWG CGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGCCCGCCG CAGCGTTGGGGT 2X mTN8-19-7 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 615) CTTGCTGATCATGGTCAATGTATTC (SEQ ID NO: 616) 1K C LADHGQCIRWPW GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAG MCPPEGWELEGS AAGGTTGGGAACTCGAGGGTTCCG GSATGGSGSTASS GTTCCGCTACCGGCGGCTCTGGCTC GSGSATGLADHG CACTGCTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTCT QCIRWPWMCPPE GCTACTGGTCTGGCTGACCACGGT GWE-LE CAGTGCATCCGTTGGCCGTGGATG TGCCCGCCGGAAGGTTGGGAACTG GAA 2X mTN8-19-7 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 617) CTTGCTGATCATGGTCAATGTATTC (SEQ ID NO: 618) 1K C ST-GG del2x LADHGQCIRWPW GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAG LE MCPPEGWEGSGS AAGGTTGGGAAGGTTCCGGTTCCG ATGGSGGGASSG CTACCGGCGGCTCTGGCGGTGGCG SGSATGLADHGQ CTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTCTGCTAC CIRWPWMCPPEG TGGTCTGGCTGACCACGGTCAGTG WE CATCCGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGTCCA CCAGAAGGTTGGGAA 2X mTN8-19-21 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 619) TCTGAATATCAAGGTCTTTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 620) 1K C SEYQGLCTRWPW GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC MCPPQGWKLEGS AAGGTTGGAAACTCGAGGGTTCCG GSATGGSGSTASS GTTCCGCTACCGGCGGCTCTGGCTC GSGSATGSEYQG CACTGCTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTCT LCTRWPWMCPPQ GCTACTGGTTCTGAGTATCAAGGC GWK-LE CTCTGTACTCGCTGGCCATGGATGT GTCCACCACAAGGCTGGAAGCTGG AA 2X mTN8-19-21 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 621) TCTGAATATCAAGGTCTTTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 622) 1K C ST-GG del2x SEYQGLCTRWPW GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC LE MCPPQGWKGSGS AAGGTTGGAAAGGTTCCGGTTCCG ATGGSGGGASSG CTACCGGCGGCTCTGGCGGTGGCG SGSATGSEYQGL CTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTCTGCTAC CTRWPWMCPPQ TGGTTCTGAGTATCAAGGCCTCTGT GWK ACTCGCTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCA CCACAAGGTTGGAAA 2X mTN8-19-22 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 623) ACTTTTTCTCAAGGTCATTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 624) 1K C TFSQGHCTRWPW GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC MCPPQGWGLEGS AAGGTTGGGGTCTCGAGGGTTCCG GSATGGSGSTASS GTTCCGCTACCGGCGGCTCTGGCTC GSGSATGTFSQG CACTGCTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTCT HCTRWPWMCPP GCTACTGGTACTTTTTCTCAAGGCC QGWG-L E ATTGTACTCGCTGGCCATGGATGTG TCCACCACAAGGCTGGGGCCTGGA A 2X mTN8-19-32 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 625) GTTGCTGATCATGGTCATTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 626) 1K C VADHGHCTRWP GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC WMCPPQGWGLE AAGGTTGGGGTCTCGAGGGTTCCG GSGSATGGSGST GTTCCGCAACCGGCGGCTCTGGCT ASSGSGSATGVA CCACTGCTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTC DHGHCTRWPWM TGCTACTGGTGTTGCTGACCACGGT CPPQGWG-LE CACTGCACCCGTTGGCCGTGGATG TGCCCGCCGCAGGGTTGGGGTCTG GAA 2X mTN8-19-32 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 627) GTTGCTGATCATGGTCATTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 628) 1K C ST-GG del2x VADHGHCTRWP GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC LE WMCPPQGWGGS AAGGTTGGGGTGGTTCCGGTTCCG GSATGGSGGGAS CTACCGGCGGCTCTGGCGGTGGTG SGSGSATGVADH CTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTCTGCTAC GHCTRWPWVCPP TGGTGTTGCTGACCACGGTCACTGC QGWG ACCCGTTGGCCGTGGGTGTGTCCA CCACAAGGTTGGGGT 2X mTN8-19-33 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 629) CCAGAATCTCAAGGTCATTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 630) 1K C PESQGHCTRWPW GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC MCPPQGWGLEGS AAGGTTGGGGTCTCGAGGGTTCCG GSATGGSGSTASS GTTCCGCTACCGGCGGCTCTGGCTC GSGSATGPESQG CACTGCTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTCT HCTRWPWMCPP GCTACTGGTCCGGAATCCCAGGGT QGWGLE CACTGCACCCGTTGGCCGTGGATG TGCCCGCCGCAGGGTTGGGGTCTG GAA 2X mTN8-19-33 FC-5G-AQ- (SEQ ID NO: 631) CCAGAATCTCAAGGTCATTGTACTC (SEQ ID NO: 632) 1K C ST-GG del2x PESQGHCTRWPW GTTGGCCATGGATGTGTCCACCAC LE MCPPQGWGGSGS AAGGTTGGGGTGGTTCCGGTTCCG ATGGSGGGASSG CTACCGGCGGCTCTGGCGGTGGTG SGSATGPESQGH CTTCTTCCGGTTCCGGTTCTGCTAC CTRWPWMCP TGGTCCGGAATCCCAGGGTCACTG PQGWG CACCCGTTGGCCGTGGATGTGTCC ACCACAAGGTTGGGGT

EXAMPLE 7 In Vitro Screening of Affinity Matured Peptibodies

[0466] The following exemplary peptibodies were screened according to the protocols set forth above to obtain the following K_(D) and IC₅₀ values. Table VII shows the range of K_(D) values for selected affinity matured peptibodies compared with the parent peptibodies, as determined by KinExA™ solution based assays or BIAcore® assays. These values demonstrate increased binding affinity of the affinity matured peptibodies for myostatin compared with the parent peptibodies. Table VIII shows IC₅₀ values for a number of affinity matured peptibodies. A range of values is given in this table. TABLE VII peptibodies K_(D) TN8-19 (parent) >1 nM 2xmTN8-19 (parent) >1 nM 1x mTN8-19-7 10 pM 2x mTN8-19-7 12 pM 1x mTN8-19-21 6 pM 2x mTN8-19-21 6 pM 1x mTN8-19-32 9 pM 1x mTN8-19-33 21 pM 2x mTN8-19-33 3 pM 1x mTN8-19-22 4 pM 1x mTN8-19-con1 20 pM

[0467] TABLE VIII Affinity Matured Peptibody IC₅₀ (nM) mTN8-19 Con1 1.0-4.4 mTN8-19-2 7.508-34.39 mTN8-19-4 16.74 mTN8-19-5 7.743-3.495 mTN8-19-6 17.26 mTN8-19-7 1.778 mTN8-19-9 22.96-18.77 mTN8-19-10 5.252-7.4  mTN8-19-11 28.66 mTN8-19-12 980.4 mTN8-19-13 20.04 mTN8-19-14 4.065-6.556 mTN8-19-16 4.654 mTN8-19-21 2.767-3.602 mTN8-19-22 1.927-3.258 mTN8-19-23 6.584 mTN8-19-24 1.673-2.927 mTN8-19-27 4.837-4.925 mTN8-19-28 4.387 mTN8-19-29 6.358 mTN8-19-32 1.842-3.348 mTN8-19-33 2.146-2.745 mTN8-19-34 5.028-5.069 mTN8Con6-3 86.81 mTN8Con6-5 2385 mTN8-19-7(-LE)  1.75-2.677 mTN8-19-21(-LE) 2.49 mTN8-19-33(-LE) 1.808 2xmTN8-19-7 0.8572-2.649  2xmTN8-19-9 1.316-1.228 2xmTN8-19-14  1.18-1.322 2xmTN8-19-16 0.9903-1.451  2xmTN8-19-21 0.828-1.434 2xmTN8-19-22 0.9937-1.22  2xmTN8-19-27 1.601-3.931 2xmTN8-19-7(-LE) 1.077-1.219 2xmTN8-19-21(-LE) 0.8827-1.254  2xmTN8-19-33(-LE)  1.12-1.033 mL2-7 90.24 mL2-9 105.5 mL15-7 32.75 mL15-9 354.2 mL20-2 122.6 mL20-3 157.9 mL20-4 160

EXAMPLE 8 In Vivo Anabolic Activity of Exemplary Peptibodies

[0468] The CD1 nu/nu mouse model (Charles River Laboratories, Massachusettes) was used to determine the in vivo efficacy of the peptibodies of the present invention which included the human Fc region (huFc). This model responded to the inhibitors of the present invention with a rapid anabolic response which was associated with increased dry muscle mass and an increase in myofibrillar proteins but was not associated with accumulation in body water content.

[0469] In one example, the efficacy of 1× peptibody mTN8-19-21 in vivo was demonstrated by the following experiment. A group of 10 8 week old CD1 nu/nu mice were treated twice weekly or once weekly with dosages of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (subcutaneous injection). The control group of 10 8 week old CD1 nu/nu mice received a twice weekly (subcutaneous) injection of huFc (vehicle) at 10 mg/kg. The animals were weighed every other day and lean body mass determined by NMR on day 0 and day 13. The animals are then sacrified at day 14 and the size of the gastrocnemius muscle determined. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 shows the increase in total body weight of the mice over 14 days for the various dosages of peptibody compared with the control. As can be seen from FIG. 2 all of the dosages have show an increase in body weight compared with the control, with all of the dosages showing statistically significant increases over the control by day 14. FIG. 3 shows the change in lean body mass on day 0 and day 13 as determined by NMR, as well as the change in weight of the gastrocnemius muscle dissected from the animals at day 14.

[0470] In another example, the 1× mTN8-19-32 peptibody was administered to CD1 nu/nu mice in a biweekly injection of 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg compared with the huFc control (vehicle). The peptibody-treated animals show an increase in total body weight (not shown) as well as lean body mass on day 13 compared with day 0 as determined by NMR measurement. The increase in lean body mass is shown in FIG. 4.

[0471] In another example, a 1× affinity-matured peptibody was compared with a 2× affinity-matured peptibody for in vivo anabolic efficacy. CD1 nu/nu male mice (10 animals per group) were treated with twice weekly injections of 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg of 1× mTN8-19-7 and 2× mTN8-19-7 for 35 days, while the control group (10 animals) received twice weekly injections of huFc (3 mg/kg). As shown in FIG. 5, treatment with the 2× peptibody resulted in a greater body weight gain and leans carcass weight at necropsy compared with the 1× peptibody or control.

EXAMPLE 9 Increase in Muscular Strength

[0472] Normal age-matched male 4 month old male C57B/6 mice were treated for 30 days with 2 injections per week subcutaneous injections 5 mg/kg per week of 2× mTN8-19-33, 2× mTN8-19-7, and huFc vehicle control group (10 animals/group). The animals were allowed to recover without any further injections. Gripping strength was measured on day 18 of the recovery period. Griping strength was measured using a Columbia Instruments meter, model 1027 dsm (Columbus, Ohio). Peptibody treatment resulted in significant increase in gripping strength, with 2× mTN8-19-33 pretreated animals showing a 14% increase in gripping strength compared with the control-treated mice, while 2× mTN8-19-7 showed a 15% increase in gripping strength compared with the control treated mice.

EXAMPLE 10 Pharmacokinetics

[0473] In vivo phamacokinetics experiments were performed using representative peptibodies without the LE sequences. 10 mg/kg and 5mg/kg dosages were administered to CD1 nu/nu mice and the following parameters determined: Cmax (ug/mL), area under the curve (AUC) (ug-hr/mL), and half-life (hr). It was found that the 2× versions of the affinity matured peptibodies have a significantly longer half-life than the 1× versions. For example 1× affinity matured mTN8-19-22 has a half-life in the animals of about 50.2 hours, whereas 2x mTN8-19-22 has a half- life of about 85.2 hours. Affinity matured 1× mTN8-7 has a half-life of about 65 hours, whereas 2× mTN8-19-7 has a half-life of about 106 hours.

EXAMPLE 11 Treatment of mdx Mice

[0474] The peptibodies of the present invention have been shown to increase lean muscle mass in an animal and are useful for the treatment of a variety of disorders which involve muscle wasting. Muscular dystrophy is one of those disorders. The mouse model for Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is the Duchenne mdx mouse (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, Me.). Aged (10 month old) mdx mice were injected with either the peptibody 1× mTN8-19-33 (n=8/group) or with the vehicle huFc protein (N=6/group) for a three month period of time. The dosing schedule was every other day, 10 mg/kg, by subcutaneous injection. The peptibody treatment had a positive effect on increasing and maintaining body mass for the aged mdx mice. Significant increases in body weight were observed in the peptibody-treated group compared to the hu-Fc-treated control group, as shown in FIG. 6A. In addition, NMR analysis revealed that the lean body mass to fat mass ratio was also significantly increased in the aged mdx mice as a result of the peptibody treatment compared with the control group, and that the fat percentage of body weight decreased in the peptibody treated mice compared with the control group, as shown in FIG. 6B.

[0475] The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein, which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the invention, and functionally equivalent methods and components are invention. Indeed, various modifications of the invention, in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

1 634 1 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 1 Lys Asp Lys Cys Lys Met Trp His Trp Met Cys Lys Pro Pro 1 5 10 2 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 2 Lys Asp Leu Cys Ala Met Trp His Trp Met Cys Lys Pro Pro 1 5 10 3 13 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 3 Asp Leu Cys Lys Met Trp Lys Trp Met Cys Lys Pro Pro 1 5 10 4 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 4 Lys Asp Leu Cys Lys Met Trp His Trp Met Cys Lys Pro Lys 1 5 10 5 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 5 Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Glu Phe His Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asp Leu 1 5 10 6 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 6 Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Glu Gly His Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asp Leu 1 5 10 7 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 7 Ile Phe Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp Val Gln Cys Tyr Gln Phe 1 5 10 8 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 8 Ile Phe Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp Val Asp Cys Tyr Gln Phe 1 5 10 9 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 9 Ala Asp Trp Cys Val Ser Pro Asn Trp Phe Cys Met Val Met 1 5 10 10 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 10 His Lys Phe Cys Pro Trp Trp Ala Leu Phe Cys Trp Asp Phe 1 5 10 11 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 11 Lys Asp Leu Cys Lys Met Trp His Trp Met Cys Lys Pro Pro 1 5 10 12 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 12 Ile Asp Lys Cys Ala Ile Trp Gly Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Leu 1 5 10 13 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 13 Trp Tyr Pro Cys Gly Glu Phe Gly Met Trp Cys Leu Asn Val 1 5 10 14 11 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 14 Trp Phe Thr Cys Leu Trp Asn Cys Asp Asn Glu 1 5 10 15 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 15 His Thr Pro Cys Pro Trp Phe Ala Pro Leu Cys Val Glu Trp 1 5 10 16 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 16 Lys Glu Trp Cys Trp Arg Trp Lys Trp Met Cys Lys Pro Glu 1 5 10 17 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 17 Phe Glu Thr Cys Pro Ser Trp Ala Tyr Phe Cys Leu Asp Ile 1 5 10 18 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 18 Ala Tyr Lys Cys Glu Ala Asn Asp Trp Gly Cys Trp Trp Leu 1 5 10 19 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 19 Asn Ser Trp Cys Glu Asp Gln Trp His Arg Cys Trp Trp Leu 1 5 10 20 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 20 Trp Ser Ala Cys Tyr Ala Gly His Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asp Leu 1 5 10 21 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 21 Ala Asn Trp Cys Val Ser Pro Asn Trp Phe Cys Met Val Met 1 5 10 22 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 22 Trp Thr Glu Cys Tyr Gln Gln Glu Phe Trp Cys Trp Asn Leu 1 5 10 23 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 23 Glu Asn Thr Cys Glu Arg Trp Lys Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Lys 1 5 10 24 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 24 Trp Leu Pro Cys His Gln Glu Gly Phe Trp Cys Met Asn Phe 1 5 10 25 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 25 Ser Thr Met Cys Ser Gln Trp His Trp Met Cys Asn Pro Phe 1 5 10 26 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 26 Ile Phe Gly Cys His Trp Trp Asp Val Asp Cys Tyr Gln Phe 1 5 10 27 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 27 Ile Tyr Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp Ile Gln Cys Tyr Asp Ile 1 5 10 28 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 28 Pro Asp Trp Cys Ile Asp Pro Asp Trp Trp Cys Lys Phe Trp 1 5 10 29 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 29 Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Tyr 1 5 10 30 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 30 Trp Gln Glu Cys Tyr Arg Glu Gly Phe Trp Cys Leu Gln Thr 1 5 10 31 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 31 Trp Phe Asp Cys Tyr Gly Pro Gly Phe Lys Cys Trp Ser Pro 1 5 10 32 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 32 Gly Val Arg Cys Pro Lys Gly His Leu Trp Cys Leu Tyr Pro 1 5 10 33 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 33 His Trp Ala Cys Gly Tyr Trp Pro Trp Ser Cys Lys Trp Val 1 5 10 34 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 34 Gly Pro Ala Cys His Ser Pro Trp Trp Trp Cys Val Phe Gly 1 5 10 35 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 35 Thr Thr Trp Cys Ile Ser Pro Met Trp Phe Cys Ser Gln Gln 1 5 10 36 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 36 His Lys Phe Cys Pro Pro Trp Ala Ile Phe Cys Trp Asp Phe 1 5 10 37 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 37 Pro Asp Trp Cys Val Ser Pro Arg Trp Tyr Cys Asn Met Trp 1 5 10 38 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 38 Val Trp Lys Cys His Trp Phe Gly Met Asp Cys Glu Pro Thr 1 5 10 39 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 39 Lys Lys His Cys Gln Ile Trp Thr Trp Met Cys Ala Pro Lys 1 5 10 40 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 40 Trp Phe Gln Cys Gly Ser Thr Leu Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asn Leu 1 5 10 41 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 41 Trp Ser Pro Cys Tyr Asp His Tyr Phe Tyr Cys Tyr Thr Ile 1 5 10 42 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 42 Ser Trp Met Cys Gly Phe Phe Lys Glu Val Cys Met Trp Val 1 5 10 43 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 43 Glu Met Leu Cys Met Ile His Pro Val Phe Cys Asn Pro His 1 5 10 44 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 44 Leu Lys Thr Cys Asn Leu Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Leu 1 5 10 45 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 45 Val Val Gly Cys Lys Trp Tyr Glu Ala Trp Cys Tyr Asn Lys 1 5 10 46 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 46 Pro Ile His Cys Thr Gln Trp Ala Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Thr 1 5 10 47 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 47 Asp Ser Asn Cys Pro Trp Tyr Phe Leu Ser Cys Val Ile Phe 1 5 10 48 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 48 His Ile Trp Cys Asn Leu Ala Met Met Lys Cys Val Glu Met 1 5 10 49 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 49 Asn Leu Gln Cys Ile Tyr Phe Leu Gly Lys Cys Ile Tyr Phe 1 5 10 50 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 50 Ala Trp Arg Cys Met Trp Phe Ser Asp Val Cys Thr Pro Gly 1 5 10 51 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 51 Trp Phe Arg Cys Phe Leu Asp Ala Asp Trp Cys Thr Ser Val 1 5 10 52 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 52 Glu Lys Ile Cys Gln Met Trp Ser Trp Met Cys Ala Pro Pro 1 5 10 53 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 53 Trp Phe Tyr Cys His Leu Asn Lys Ser Glu Cys Thr Glu Pro 1 5 10 54 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 54 Phe Trp Arg Cys Ala Ile Gly Ile Asp Lys Cys Lys Arg Val 1 5 10 55 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 55 Asn Leu Gly Cys Lys Trp Tyr Glu Val Trp Cys Phe Thr Tyr 1 5 10 56 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 56 Ile Asp Leu Cys Asn Met Trp Asp Gly Met Cys Tyr Pro Pro 1 5 10 57 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 57 Glu Met Pro Cys Asn Ile Trp Gly Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Val 1 5 10 58 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 58 Trp Phe Arg Cys Val Leu Thr Gly Ile Val Asp Trp Ser Glu Cys Phe 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu 59 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 59 Trp Phe Arg Cys Val Leu Thr Gly Ile Val Asp Trp Ser Glu Cys Phe 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu 60 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 60 Leu Pro Trp Cys His Asp Gln Val Asn Ala Asp Trp Gly Phe Cys Met 1 5 10 15 Leu Trp 61 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 61 Tyr Pro Thr Cys Ser Glu Lys Phe Trp Ile Tyr Gly Gln Thr Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Trp 62 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 62 Leu Gly Pro Cys Pro Ile His His Gly Pro Trp Pro Gln Tyr Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Tyr Trp 63 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 63 Pro Phe Pro Cys Glu Thr His Gln Ile Ser Trp Leu Gly His Cys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Phe 64 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 64 His Trp Gly Cys Glu Asp Leu Met Trp Ser Trp His Pro Leu Cys Arg 1 5 10 15 Arg Pro 65 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 65 Leu Pro Leu Cys Asp Ala Asp Met Met Pro Thr Ile Gly Phe Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Ala Tyr 66 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 66 Ser His Trp Cys Glu Thr Thr Phe Trp Met Asn Tyr Ala Lys Cys Val 1 5 10 15 His Ala 67 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 67 Leu Pro Lys Cys Thr His Val Pro Phe Asp Gln Gly Gly Phe Cys Leu 1 5 10 15 Trp Tyr 68 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 68 Phe Ser Ser Cys Trp Ser Pro Val Ser Arg Gln Asp Met Phe Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Phe Tyr 69 17 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 69 Ser His Lys Cys Glu Tyr Ser Gly Trp Leu Gln Pro Leu Cys Tyr Arg 1 5 10 15 Pro 70 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 70 Pro Trp Trp Cys Gln Asp Asn Tyr Val Gln His Met Leu His Cys Asp 1 5 10 15 Ser Pro 71 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 71 Trp Phe Arg Cys Met Leu Met Asn Ser Phe Asp Ala Phe Gln Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Ser Tyr 72 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 72 Pro Asp Ala Cys Arg Asp Gln Pro Trp Tyr Met Phe Met Gly Cys Met 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly 73 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 73 Phe Leu Ala Cys Phe Val Glu Phe Glu Leu Cys Phe Asp Ser 1 5 10 74 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 74 Ser Ala Tyr Cys Ile Ile Thr Glu Ser Asp Pro Tyr Val Leu Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Leu 75 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 75 Pro Ser Ile Cys Glu Ser Tyr Ser Thr Met Trp Leu Pro Met Cys Gln 1 5 10 15 His Asn 76 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 76 Trp Leu Asp Cys His Asp Asp Ser Trp Ala Trp Thr Lys Met Cys Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser His 77 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 77 Tyr Leu Asn Cys Val Met Met Asn Thr Ser Pro Phe Val Glu Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Phe Asn 78 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 78 Tyr Pro Trp Cys Asp Gly Phe Met Ile Gln Gln Gly Ile Thr Cys Met 1 5 10 15 Phe Tyr 79 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 79 Phe Asp Tyr Cys Thr Trp Leu Asn Gly Phe Lys Asp Trp Lys Cys Trp 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg 80 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 80 Leu Pro Leu Cys Asn Leu Lys Glu Ile Ser His Val Gln Ala Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Phe 81 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 81 Ser Pro Glu Cys Ala Phe Ala Arg Trp Leu Gly Ile Glu Gln Cys Gln 1 5 10 15 Arg Asp 82 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 82 Tyr Pro Gln Cys Phe Asn Leu His Leu Leu Glu Trp Thr Glu Cys Asp 1 5 10 15 Trp Phe 83 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 83 Arg Trp Arg Cys Glu Ile Tyr Asp Ser Glu Phe Leu Pro Lys Cys Trp 1 5 10 15 Phe Phe 84 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 84 Leu Val Gly Cys Asp Asn Val Trp His Arg Cys Lys Leu Phe 1 5 10 85 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 85 Ala Gly Trp Cys His Val Trp Gly Glu Met Phe Gly Met Gly Cys Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Leu 86 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 86 His His Glu Cys Glu Trp Met Ala Arg Trp Met Ser Leu Asp Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu 87 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 87 Phe Pro Met Cys Gly Ile Ala Gly Met Lys Asp Phe Asp Phe Cys Val 1 5 10 15 Trp Tyr 88 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 88 Arg Asp Asp Cys Thr Phe Trp Pro Glu Trp Leu Trp Lys Leu Cys Glu 1 5 10 15 Arg Pro 89 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 89 Tyr Asn Phe Cys Ser Tyr Leu Phe Gly Val Ser Lys Glu Ala Cys Gln 1 5 10 15 Leu Pro 90 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 90 Ala His Trp Cys Glu Gln Gly Pro Trp Arg Tyr Gly Asn Ile Cys Met 1 5 10 15 Ala Tyr 91 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 91 Asn Leu Val Cys Gly Lys Ile Ser Ala Trp Gly Asp Glu Ala Cys Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Ala 92 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 92 His Asn Val Cys Thr Ile Met Gly Pro Ser Met Lys Trp Phe Cys Trp 1 5 10 15 Asn Asp 93 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 93 Asn Asp Leu Cys Ala Met Trp Gly Trp Arg Asn Thr Ile Trp Cys Gln 1 5 10 15 Asn Ser 94 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 94 Pro Pro Phe Cys Gln Asn Asp Asn Asp Met Leu Gln Ser Leu Cys Lys 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu 95 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 95 Trp Tyr Asp Cys Asn Val Pro Asn Glu Leu Leu Ser Gly Leu Cys Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Phe 96 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 96 Tyr Gly Asp Cys Asp Gln Asn His Trp Met Trp Pro Phe Thr Cys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu 97 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 97 Gly Trp Met Cys His Phe Asp Leu His Asp Trp Gly Ala Thr Cys Gln 1 5 10 15 Pro Asp 98 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 98 Tyr Phe His Cys Met Phe Gly Gly His Glu Phe Glu Val His Cys Glu 1 5 10 15 Ser Phe 99 12 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 99 Ala Tyr Trp Cys Trp His Gly Gln Cys Val Arg Phe 1 5 10 100 19 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 100 Ser Glu His Trp Thr Phe Thr Asp Trp Asp Gly Asn Glu Trp Trp Val 1 5 10 15 Arg Pro Phe 101 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 101 Met Glu Met Leu Asp Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Met Val Pro 1 5 10 15 Ile Ser Lys Ala 20 102 19 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 102 Ser Pro Pro Glu Glu Ala Leu Met Glu Trp Leu Gly Trp Gln Tyr Gly 1 5 10 15 Lys Phe Thr 103 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 103 Ser Pro Glu Asn Leu Leu Asn Asp Leu Tyr Ile Leu Met Thr Lys Gln 1 5 10 15 Glu Trp Tyr Gly 20 104 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 104 Phe His Trp Glu Glu Gly Ile Pro Phe His Val Val Thr Pro Tyr Ser 1 5 10 15 Tyr Asp Arg Met 20 105 19 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 105 Lys Arg Leu Leu Glu Gln Phe Met Asn Asp Leu Ala Glu Leu Val Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly His Ser 106 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 106 Asp Thr Arg Asp Ala Leu Phe Gln Glu Phe Tyr Glu Phe Val Arg Ser 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Val Ile 20 107 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 107 Arg Met Ser Ala Ala Pro Arg Pro Leu Thr Tyr Arg Asp Ile Met Asp 1 5 10 15 Gln Tyr Trp His 20 108 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 108 Asn Asp Lys Ala His Phe Phe Glu Met Phe Met Phe Asp Val His Asn 1 5 10 15 Phe Val Glu Ser 20 109 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 109 Gln Thr Gln Ala Gln Lys Ile Asp Gly Leu Trp Glu Leu Leu Gln Ser 1 5 10 15 Ile Arg Asn Gln 20 110 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 110 Met Leu Ser Glu Phe Glu Glu Phe Leu Gly Asn Leu Val His Arg Gln 1 5 10 15 Glu Ala 111 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 111 Tyr Thr Pro Lys Met Gly Ser Glu Trp Thr Ser Phe Trp His Asn Arg 1 5 10 15 Ile His Tyr Leu 20 112 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 112 Leu Asn Asp Thr Leu Leu Arg Glu Leu Lys Met Val Leu Asn Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Asp Met Lys 20 113 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 113 Phe Asp Val Glu Arg Asp Leu Met Arg Trp Leu Glu Gly Phe Met Gln 1 5 10 15 Ser Ala Ala Thr 20 114 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 114 His His Gly Trp Asn Tyr Leu Arg Lys Gly Ser Ala Pro Gln Trp Phe 1 5 10 15 Glu Ala Trp Val 20 115 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 115 Val Glu Ser Leu His Gln Leu Gln Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Lys Leu Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Gly Pro His 20 116 18 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 116 Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Asp Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Glu Gly Tyr Gly 1 5 10 15 Asp Asn 117 16 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 117 Glu Glu Leu Leu Arg Glu Phe Tyr Arg Phe Val Ser Ala Phe Asp Tyr 1 5 10 15 118 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 118 Gly Leu Leu Asp Glu Phe Ser His Phe Ile Ala Glu Gln Phe Tyr Gln 1 5 10 15 Met Pro Gly Gly 20 119 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 119 Tyr Arg Glu Met Ser Met Leu Glu Gly Leu Leu Asp Val Leu Glu Arg 1 5 10 15 Leu Gln His Tyr 20 120 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 120 His Asn Ser Ser Gln Met Leu Leu Ser Glu Leu Ile Met Leu Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Met Met Gln 20 121 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 121 Trp Arg Glu His Phe Leu Asn Ser Asp Tyr Ile Arg Asp Lys Leu Ile 1 5 10 15 Ala Ile Asp Gly 20 122 19 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 122 Gln Phe Pro Phe Tyr Val Phe Asp Asp Leu Pro Ala Gln Leu Glu Tyr 1 5 10 15 Trp Ile Ala 123 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 123 Glu Phe Phe His Trp Leu His Asn His Arg Ser Glu Val Asn His Trp 1 5 10 15 Leu Asp Met Asn 20 124 19 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 124 Glu Ala Leu Phe Gln Asn Phe Phe Arg Asp Val Leu Thr Leu Ser Glu 1 5 10 15 Arg Glu Tyr 125 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 125 Gln Tyr Trp Glu Gln Gln Trp Met Thr Tyr Phe Arg Glu Asn Gly Leu 1 5 10 15 His Val Gln Tyr 20 126 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 126 Asn Gln Arg Met Met Leu Glu Asp Leu Trp Arg Ile Met Thr Pro Met 1 5 10 15 Phe Gly Arg Ser 20 127 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 127 Phe Leu Asp Glu Leu Lys Ala Glu Leu Ser Arg His Tyr Ala Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Asp Leu Asp Glu 20 128 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 128 Gly Lys Leu Ile Glu Gly Leu Leu Asn Glu Leu Met Gln Leu Glu Thr 1 5 10 15 Phe Met Pro Asp 20 129 15 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 129 Ile Leu Leu Leu Asp Glu Tyr Lys Lys Asp Trp Lys Ser Trp Phe 1 5 10 15 130 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 130 Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Tyr Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro 35 40 45 Pro Tyr 50 131 43 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 131 Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Glu Gly His Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asp Leu Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Trp Tyr Pro 20 25 30 Cys Tyr Glu Gly His Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asp Leu 35 40 132 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 132 His Thr Pro Cys Pro Trp Phe Ala Pro Leu Cys Val Glu Trp Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly His Thr Pro Cys Pro Trp Phe Ala Pro Leu Cys Val 35 40 45 Glu Trp 50 133 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 133 Pro Asp Trp Cys Ile Asp Pro Asp Trp Trp Cys Lys Phe Trp Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Trp Cys Ile Asp Pro Asp Trp Trp Cys Lys 35 40 45 Phe Trp 50 134 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 134 Ala Asn Trp Cys Val Ser Pro Asn Trp Phe Cys Met Val Met Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly Ala Asn Trp Cys Val Ser Pro Asn Trp Phe Cys Met 35 40 45 Val Met 50 135 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 135 Pro Asp Trp Cys Ile Asp Pro Asp Trp Trp Cys Lys Phe Trp Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly Pro Asp Trp Cys Ile Asp Pro Asp Trp Trp Cys Lys 35 40 45 Phe Trp 50 136 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 136 His Trp Ala Cys Gly Tyr Trp Pro Trp Ser Cys Lys Trp Val Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly His Trp Ala Cys Gly Tyr Trp Pro Trp Ser Cys Lys 35 40 45 Trp Val 50 137 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 137 Lys Lys His Cys Gln Ile Trp Thr Trp Met Cys Ala Pro Lys Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro 35 40 45 Pro Tyr 50 138 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 138 Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Tyr Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly Lys Lys His Cys Gln Ile Trp Thr Trp Met Cys Ala 35 40 45 Pro Lys 50 139 50 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 139 Lys Lys His Cys Gln Ile Trp Thr Trp Met Cys Ala Pro Lys Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Ala Thr Gly Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro 35 40 45 Pro Tyr 50 140 36 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 140 Lys Lys His Cys Gln Ile Trp Thr Trp Met Cys Ala Pro Lys Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met 20 25 30 Cys Pro Pro Tyr 35 141 34 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 141 Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Tyr Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Gly Gly Gly Lys Lys His Cys Gln Ile Trp Thr Trp Met Cys Ala 20 25 30 Pro Lys 142 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 142 Lys Asp Xaa Cys Xaa Xaa Trp His Trp Met Cys Lys Pro Xaa 1 5 10 143 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 143 Trp Xaa Xaa Cys Xaa Xaa Xaa Gly Phe Trp Cys Leu Asn Val 1 5 10 144 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 144 Ile Xaa Gly Cys Xaa Trp Trp Asp Xaa Xaa Cys Tyr Xaa Xaa 1 5 10 145 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 145 Xaa Xaa Trp Cys Val Ser Pro Xaa Trp Phe Cys Xaa Xaa Xaa 1 5 10 146 14 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 146 Xaa Xaa Xaa Cys Pro Trp Phe Ala Xaa Xaa Cys Val Asp Trp 1 5 10 147 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 147 aaagacaaat gcaaaatgtg gcactggatg tgcaaaccgc cg 42 148 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 148 aaagacctgt gcgctatgtg gcactggatg tgcaaaccgc cg 42 149 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 149 aaagacctgt gcaaaatgtg gaaatggatg tgcaaaccgc cg 42 150 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 150 aaagacctgt gcaaaatgtg gcactggatg tgcaaaccga aa 42 151 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 151 tggtacccgt gctacgaatt ccacttctgg tgctacgacc tg 42 152 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 152 tggtacccgt gctacgaatt ccacttctgg tgctacgacc tg 42 153 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 153 tggtacccgt gctacgaagg tcacttctgg tgctacgacc tg 42 154 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 154 tggtacccgt gctacgaagg tcacttctgg tgctacgacc tg 42 155 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 155 atcttcggtt gcaaatggtg ggacgttcag tgctaccagt tc 42 156 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 156 atcttcggtt gcaaatggtg ggacgttgac tgctaccagt tc 42 157 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 157 atcttcggtt gcaaatggtg ggacgttgac tgctaccagt tc 42 158 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 158 gctgactggt gcgtttcccc gaactggttc tgcatggtta tg 42 159 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 159 cacaaattct gcccgtggtg ggctctgttc tgctgggact tc 42 160 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 160 aaagacctgt gcaaaatgtg gcactggatg tgcaaaccgc cg 42 161 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 161 atcgacaaat gcgctatctg gggttggatg tgcccgccgc tg 42 162 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 162 tggtacccgt gcggtgaatt cggtatgtgg tgcctgaacg tt 42 163 33 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 163 tggttcacct gcctgtggaa ctgcgacaac gaa 33 164 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 164 cacaccccgt gcccgtggtt cgctccgctg tgcgttgaat gg 42 165 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 165 aaagaatggt gctggcgttg gaaatggatg tgcaaaccgg aa 42 166 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 166 ttcgaaacct gcccgtcctg ggcttacttc tgcctggaca tc 42 167 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 167 ttcgaaacct gcccgtcctg ggcttacttc tgcctggaca tc 42 168 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 168 gcttacaaat gcgaagctaa cgactggggt tgctggtggc tg 42 169 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 169 aactcctggt gcgaagacca gtggcaccgt tgctggtggc tg 42 170 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 170 tggtccgctt gctacgctgg tcacttctgg tgctacgacc tg 42 171 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 171 gctaactggt gcgtttcccc gaactggttc tgcatggtta tg 42 172 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 172 tggaccgaat gctaccagca ggaattctgg tgctggaacc tg 42 173 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 173 gaaaacacct gcgaacgttg gaaatggatg tgcccgccga aa 42 174 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 174 tggctgccgt gccaccagga aggtttctgg tgcatgaact tc 42 175 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 175 tccaccatgt gctcccagtg gcactggatg tgcaacccgt tc 42 176 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 176 atcttcggtt gccactggtg ggacgttgac tgctaccagt tc 42 177 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 177 atctacggtt gcaaatggtg ggacatccag tgctacgaca tc 42 178 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 178 ccggactggt gcatcgatcc ggactggtgg tgcaaattct gg 42 179 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 179 cagggtcact gcacccgttg gccgtggatg tgcccgccgt ac 42 180 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 180 tggcaggaat gctaccgtga aggtttctgg tgcctgcaga cc 42 181 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 181 tggttcgact gctacggtcc gggtttcaaa tgctggtccc cg 42 182 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 182 ggtgttcgtt gcccgaaagg tcacctgtgg tgcctgtacc cg 42 183 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 183 cactgggctt gcggttactg gccgtggtcc tgcaaatggg tt 42 184 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 184 ggtccggctt gccactcccc gtggtggtgg tgcgttttcg gt 42 185 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 185 accacctggt gcatctcccc gatgtggttc tgctcccagc ag 42 186 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 186 cacaaattct gcccgccgtg ggctatcttc tgctgggact tc 42 187 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 187 ccggactggt gcgtttcccc gcgttggtac tgcaacatgt gg 42 188 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 188 gtttggaaat gccactggtt cggtatggac tgcgaaccga cc 42 189 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 189 aaaaaacact gccagatctg gacctggatg tgcgctccga aa 42 190 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 190 tggttccagt gcggttccac cctgttctgg tgctacaacc tg 42 191 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 191 tggtccccgt gctacgacca ctacttctac tgctacacca tc 42 192 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 192 tcctggatgt gcggtttctt caaagaagtt tgcatgtggg tt 42 193 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 193 gaaatgctgt gcatgatcca cccggttttc tgcaacccgc ac 42 194 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 194 ctgaaaacct gcaacctgtg gccgtggatg tgcccgccgc tg 42 195 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 195 gttgttggtt gcaaatggta cgaagcttgg tgctacaaca aa 42 196 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 196 ccgatccact gcacccagtg ggcttggatg tgcccgccga cc 42 197 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 197 gactccaact gcccgtggta cttcctgtcc tgcgttatct tc 42 198 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 198 gactccaact gcccgtggta cttcctgtcc tgcgttatct tc 42 199 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 199 aacctgcagt gcatctactt cctgggtaaa tgcatctact tc 42 200 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 200 gcttggcgtt gcatgtggtt ctccgacgtt tgcaccccgg gt 42 201 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 201 tggtttcgtt gttttcttga tgctgattgg tgtacttctg tt 42 202 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 202 gaaaaaattt gtcaaatgtg gtcttggatg tgtgctccac ca 42 203 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 203 tggttttatt gtcatcttaa taaatctgaa tgtactgaac ca 42 204 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 204 ttttggcgtt gtgctattgg tattgataaa tgtaaacgtg tt 42 205 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 205 ttttggcgtt gtgctattgg tattgataaa tgtaaacgtg tt 42 206 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 206 attgatcttt gtaatatgtg ggatggtatg tgttatccac ca 42 207 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 207 gaaatgccat gtaatatttg gggttggatg tgtccaccag tt 42 208 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 208 tggttccgtt gcgttctgac cggtatcgtt gactggtccg aatgcttcgg tctg 54 209 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 209 ggtttctcct gcaccttcgg tctggacgaa ttctacgttg actgctcccc gttc 54 210 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 210 ctgccgtggt gccacgacca ggttaacgct gactggggtt tctgcatgct gtgg 54 211 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 211 tacccgacct gctccgaaaa attctggatc tacggtcaga cctgcgttct gtgg 54 212 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 212 ctgggtccgt gcccgatcca ccacggtccg tggccgcagt actgcgttta ctgg 54 213 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 213 ccgttcccgt gcgaaaccca ccagatctcc tggctgggtc actgcctgtc cttc 54 214 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 214 cactggggtt gcgaagacct gatgtggtcc tggcacccgc tgtgccgtcg tccg 54 215 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 215 ctgccgctgt gcgacgctga catgatgccg accatcggtt tctgcgttgc ttac 54 216 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 216 tcccactggt gcgaaaccac cttctggatg aactacgcta aatgcgttca cgct 54 217 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 217 ctgccgaaat gcacccacgt tccgttcgac cagggtggtt tctgcctgtg gtac 54 218 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 218 ttctcctcct gctggtcccc ggtttcccgt caggacatgt tctgcgtttt ctac 54 219 51 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 219 tcccacaaat gcgaatactc cggttggctg cagccgctgt gctaccgtcc g 51 220 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 220 ccgtggtggt gccaggacaa ctacgttcag cacatgctgc actgcgactc cccg 54 221 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 221 tggttccgtt gcatgctgat gaactccttc gacgctttcc agtgcgtttc ctac 54 222 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 222 ccggacgctt gccgtgacca gccgtggtac atgttcatgg gttgcatgct gggt 54 223 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 223 ttcctggctt gcttcgttga attcgaactg tgcttcgact cc 42 224 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 224 tccgcttact gcatcatcac cgaatccgac ccgtacgttc tgtgcgttcc gctg 54 225 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 225 ccgtccatct gcgaatccta ctccaccatg tggctgccga tgtgccagca caac 54 226 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 226 tggctggact gccacgacga ctcctgggct tggaccaaaa tgtgccgttc ccac 54 227 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 227 tacctgaact gcgttatgat gaacacctcc ccgttcgttg aatgcgtttt caac 54 228 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 228 tacccgtggt gcgacggttt catgatccag cagggtatca cctgcatgtt ctac 54 229 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 229 ttcgactact gcacctggct gaacggtttc aaagactgga aatgctggtc ccgt 54 230 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 230 ctgccgctgt gcaacctgaa agaaatctcc cacgttcagg cttgcgttct gttc 54 231 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 231 tccccggaat gcgctttcgc tcgttggctg ggtatcgaac agtgccagcg tgac 54 232 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 232 tacccgcagt gcttcaacct gcacctgctg gaatggaccg aatgcgactg gttc 54 233 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 233 cgttggcgtt gcgaaatcta cgactccgaa ttcctgccga aatgctggtt cttc 54 234 42 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 234 ctggttggtt gcgacaacgt ttggcaccgt tgcaaactgt tc 42 235 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 235 gctggttggt gccacgtttg gggtgaaatg ttcggtatgg gttgctccgc tctg 54 236 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 236 caccacgaat gcgaatggat ggctcgttgg atgtccctgg actgcgttgg tctg 54 237 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 237 ttcccgatgt gcggtatcgc tggtatgaaa gacttcgact tctgcgtttg gtac 54 238 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 238 cgtgatgatt gtactttttg gccagaatgg ctttggaaac tttgtgaacg tcca 54 239 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 239 tataattttt gttcttatct ttttggtgtt tctaaagaag cttgtcaact tcca 54 240 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 240 gctcattggt gtgaacaagg tccatggcgt tatggtaata tttgtatggc ttat 54 241 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 241 aatcttgttt gtggtaaaat ttctgcttgg ggtgatgaag cttgtgctcg tgct 54 242 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 242 cataatgttt gtactattat gggtccatct atgaaatggt tttgttggaa tgat 54 243 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 243 aatgatcttt gtgctatgtg gggttggcgt aatactattt ggtgtcaaaa ttct 54 244 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 244 ccaccatttt gtcaaaatga taatgatatg cttcaatctc tttgtaaact tctt 54 245 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 245 tggtatgatt gtaatgttcc aaatgaactt ctttctggtc tttgtcgtct tttt 54 246 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 246 tatggtgatt gtgatcaaaa tcattggatg tggccattta cttgtctttc tctt 54 247 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 247 ggttggatgt gtcattttga tcttcatgat tggggtgcta cttgtcaacc agat 54 248 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 248 tattttcatt gtatgtttgg tggtcatgaa tttgaagttc attgtgaatc tttt 54 249 36 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 249 gcttattggt gttggcatgg tcaatgtgtt cgtttt 36 250 57 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 250 tccgaacact ggaccttcac cgactgggac ggtaacgaat ggtgggttcg tccgttc 57 251 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 251 atggaaatgc tggactccct gttcgaactg ctgaaagaca tggttccgat ctccaaagct 60 252 57 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 252 tccccgccgg aagaagctct gatggaatgg ctgggttggc agtacggtaa attcacc 57 253 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 253 tccccggaaa acctgctgaa cgacctgtac atcctgatga ccaaacagga atggtacggt 60 254 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 254 ttccactggg aagaaggtat cccgttccac gttgttaccc cgtactccta cgaccgtatg 60 255 57 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 255 aaacgtctgc tggaacagtt catgaacgac ctggctgaac tggtttccgg tcactcc 57 256 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 256 gacacccgtg acgctctgtt ccaggaattc tacgaattcg ttcgttcccg tctggttatc 60 257 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 257 cgtatgtccg ctgctccgcg tccgctgacc taccgtgaca tcatggacca gtactggcac 60 258 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 258 aacgacaaag ctcacttctt cgaaatgttc atgttcgacg ttcacaactt cgttgaatcc 60 259 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 259 cagacccagg ctcagaaaat cgacggtctg tgggaactgc tgcagtccat ccgtaaccag 60 260 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 260 atgctgtccg aattcgaaga attcctgggt aacctggttc accgtcagga agct 54 261 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 261 tacaccccga aaatgggttc cgaatggacc tccttctggc acaaccgtat ccactacctg 60 262 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 262 ctgaacgaca ccctgctgcg tgaactgaaa atggttctga actccctgtc cgacatgaaa 60 263 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 263 ttcgacgttg aacgtgacct gatgcgttgg ctggaaggtt tcatgcagtc cgctgctacc 60 264 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 264 caccacggtt ggaactacct gcgtaaaggt tccgctccgc agtggttcga agcttgggtt 60 265 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 265 gttgaatccc tgcaccagct gcagatgtgg ctggaccaga aactggcttc cggtccgcac 60 266 54 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 266 cgtgctaccc tgctgaaaga cttctggcag ctggttgaag gttacggtga caac 54 267 48 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 267 gaagaactgc tgcgtgaatt ctaccgtttc gtttccgctt tcgactac 48 268 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 268 ggtctgctgg acgaattctc ccacttcatc gctgaacagt tctaccagat gccgggtggt 60 269 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 269 taccgtgaaa tgtccatgct ggaaggtctg ctggacgttc tggaacgtct gcagcactac 60 270 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 270 cacaactcct cccagatgct gctgtccgaa ctgatcatgc tggttggttc catgatgcag 60 271 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 271 tggcgtgaac acttcctgaa ctccgactac atccgtgaca aactgatcgc tatcgacggt 60 272 57 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 272 cagttcccgt tctacgtttt cgacgacctg ccggctcagc tggaatactg gatcgct 57 273 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 273 gaattcttcc actggctgca caaccaccgt tccgaagtta accactggct ggacatgaac 60 274 57 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 274 gaagctcttt ttcaaaattt ttttcgtgat gttcttactc tttctgaacg tgaatat 57 275 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 275 caatattggg aacaacaatg gatgacttat tttcgtgaaa atggtcttca tgttcaatat 60 276 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 276 aatcaacgta tgatgcttga agatctttgg cgtattatga ctccaatgtt tggtcgttct 60 277 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 277 tttcttgatg aacttaaagc tgaactttct cgtcattatg ctcttgatga tcttgatgaa 60 278 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 278 ggtaaactta ttgaaggtct tcttaatgaa cttatgcaac ttgaaacttt tatgccagat 60 279 45 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 279 attcttcttc ttgatgaata taaaaaagat tggaaatctt ggttt 45 280 150 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 280 cagggccact gtactcgctg gccgtggatg tgcccgccgt acggttctgg ttccgctacc 60 ggtggttctg gttccactgc ttcttctggt tccggttctg ctactggtca gggtcactgc 120 actcgttggc catggatgtg tccaccgtat 150 281 129 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 281 tggtatccgt gttatgaggg tcacttctgg tgctacgatc tgggttctgg ttccactgct 60 tcttctggtt ccggttccgc tactggttgg tacccgtgct acgaaggtca cttttggtgt 120 tatgatctg 129 282 150 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 282 cacactccgt gtccgtggtt tgctccgctg tgcgttgaat ggggttctgg ttccgctact 60 ggtggttccg gttccactgc ttcttctggt tccggttctg caactggtca caccccgtgc 120 ccgtggtttg caccgctgtg tgtagagtgg 150 283 150 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 283 ccggattggt gtatcgaccc ggactggtgg tgcaaattct ggggttctgg ttccgctacc 60 ggtggttccg gttccactgc ttcttctggt tccggttctg caactggtcc ggactggtgc 120 atcgacccgg attggtggtg taaattttgg 150 284 150 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 284 ccggattggt gtatcgaccc ggactggtgg tgcaaattct ggggttctgg ttccgctacc 60 ggtggttccg gttccactgc ttcttctggt tccggttctg caactggtcc ggactggtgc 120 atcgacccgg attggtggtg taaattttgg 150 285 129 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 285 accacttggt gcatctctcc gatgtggttc tgctctcagc agggttctgg ttccactgct 60 tcttctggtt ccggttctgc aactggtact acttggtgta tctctccaat gtggttttgt 120 tctcagcaa 129 286 150 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 286 cactgggcat gtggctattg gccgtggtcc tgcaaatggg ttggttctgg ttccgctacc 60 ggtggttccg gttccactgc ttcttctggt tccggttctg caactggtca ctgggcttgc 120 ggttactggc cgtggtcttg taaatgggtt 150 287 150 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 287 aaaaaacact gtcagatctg gacttggatg tgcgctccga aaggttctgg ttccgctacc 60 ggtggttctg gttccactgc ttcttctggt tccggttccg ctactggtca gggtcactgc 120 actcgttggc catggatgtg tccgccgtat 150 288 150 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 288 cagggtcact gcacccgttg gccgtggatg tgcccgccgt acggttctgg ttccgctacc 60 ggtggttctg gttccactgc ttcttctggt tccggttctg ctactggtaa aaaacactgc 120 cagatctgga cttggatgtg cgctccgaaa 150 289 150 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 289 aaaaaacact gtcagatctg gacttggatg tgcgctccga aaggttctgg ttccgctacc 60 ggtggttctg gttccactgc ttcttctggt tccggttccg ctactggtca gggtcactgc 120 actcgttggc catggatgtg tccgccgtat 150 290 108 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 290 aaaaaacact gccagatctg gacttggatg tgcgctccga aaggtggtgg tggtggtggc 60 ggtggccagg gtcactgcac ccgttggccg tggatgtgtc cgccgtat 108 291 102 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 291 cagggtcact gcacccgttg gccgtggatg tgcccgccgt acggtggtgg tggtggtggc 60 aaaaaacact gccagatctg gacttggatg tgcgctccga aa 102 292 37 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 292 gagagagagc atatgaatga gaacagtgag caaaaag 37 293 34 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 293 agagagggat ccattatgag cacccacagc ggtc 34 294 25 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 294 cggcgcaact atcggtatca agctg 25 295 26 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 295 catgtaccgt aacactgagt ttcgtc 26 296 227 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 296 Asp Lys Thr His Thr Cys Pro Pro Cys Pro Ala Pro Glu Leu Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Gly Pro Ser Val Phe Leu Phe Pro Pro Lys Pro Lys Asp Thr Leu Met 20 25 30 Ile Ser Arg Thr Pro Glu Val Thr Cys Val Val Val Asp Val Ser His 35 40 45 Glu Asp Pro Glu Val Lys Phe Asn Trp Tyr Val Asp Gly Val Glu Val 50 55 60 His Asn Ala Lys Thr Lys Pro Arg Glu Glu Gln Tyr Asn Ser Thr Tyr 65 70 75 80 Arg Val Val Ser Val Leu Thr Val Leu His Gln Asp Trp Leu Asn Gly 85 90 95 Lys Glu Tyr Lys Cys Lys Val Ser Asn Lys Ala Leu Pro Ala Pro Ile 100 105 110 Glu Lys Thr Ile Ser Lys Ala Lys Gly Gln Pro Arg Glu Pro Gln Val 115 120 125 Tyr Thr Leu Pro Pro Ser Arg Asp Glu Leu Thr Lys Asn Gln Val Ser 130 135 140 Leu Thr Cys Leu Val Lys Gly Phe Tyr Pro Ser Asp Ile Ala Val Glu 145 150 155 160 Trp Glu Ser Asn Gly Gln Pro Glu Asn Asn Tyr Lys Thr Thr Pro Pro 165 170 175 Val Leu Asp Ser Asp Gly Ser Phe Phe Leu Tyr Ser Lys Leu Thr Val 180 185 190 Asp Lys Ser Arg Trp Gln Gln Gly Asn Val Phe Ser Cys Ser Val Met 195 200 205 His Glu Ala Leu His Asn His Tyr Thr Gln Lys Ser Leu Ser Leu Ser 210 215 220 Pro Gly Lys 225 297 67 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 297 acaaacaaac atatgggtgc acagaaagcg gccgcaaaaa aactcgaggg tggaggcggt 60 ggggaca 67 298 20 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 298 ggtcattact ggaccggatc 20 299 25 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 299 cgtacaggtt tacgcaagaa aatgg 25 300 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 300 tttgttggat ccattactcg agtttttttg cggccgcttt ctgtgcacca ccacctccac 60 ctttac 66 301 681 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 301 gacaaaactc acacatgtcc accttgccca gcacctgaac tcctgggggg accgtcagtt 60 ttcctcttcc ccccaaaacc caaggacacc ctcatgatct cccggacccc tgaggtcaca 120 tgcgtggtgg tggacgtgag ccacgaagac cctgaggtca agttcaactg gtacgtggac 180 ggcgtggagg tgcataatgc caagacaaag ccgcgggagg agcagtacaa cagcacgtac 240 cgtgtggtca gcgtcctcac cgtcctgcac caggactggc tgaatggcaa ggagtacaag 300 tgcaaggtct ccaacaaagc cctcccagcc cccatcgaga aaaccatctc caaagccaaa 360 gggcagcccc gagaaccaca ggtgtacacc ctgcccccat cccgggatga gctgaccaag 420 aaccaggtca gcctgacctg cctggtcaaa ggcttctatc ccagcgacat cgccgtggag 480 tgggagagca atgggcagcc ggagaacaac tacaagacca cgcctcccgt gctggactcc 540 gacggctcct tcttcctcta cagcaagctc accgtggaca agagcaggtg gcagcagggg 600 aacgtcttct catgctccgt gatgcatgag gctctgcaca accactacac gcagaagagc 660 ctctccctgt ctccgggtaa a 681 302 15 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 302 ggtggaggtg gtggt 15 303 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 303 Met Phe Cys Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Lys Asp Lys Cys Lys Met Trp His 1 5 10 15 Trp Met Cys Lys Pro Pro 20 304 740 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 304 atggacaaaa ctcacacatg tccaccttgc ccagcacctg aactcctggg gggaccgtca 60 gttttcctct tccccccaaa acccaaggac accctcatga tctcccggac ccctgaggtc 120 acatgcgtgg tggtggacgt gagccacgaa gaccctgagg tcaagttcaa ctggtacgtg 180 gacggcgtgg aggtgcataa tgccaagaca aagccgcggg aggagcagta caacagcacg 240 taccgtgtgg tcagcgtcct caccgtcctg caccaggact ggctgaatgg caaggagtac 300 aagtgcaagg tctccaacaa agccctccca gcccccatcg agaaaaccat ctccaaagcc 360 aaagggcagc cccgagaacc acaggtgtac accctgcccc catcccggga tgagctgacc 420 aagaaccagg tcagcctgac ctgcctggtc aaaggcttct atcccagcga catcgccgtg 480 gagtgggaga gcaatgggca gccggagaac aactacaaga ccacgcctcc cgtgctggac 540 tccgacggct ccttcttcct ctacagcaag ctcaccgtgg acaagagcag gtggcagcag 600 gggaacgtct tctcatgctc cgtgatgcat gaggctctgc acaaccacta cacgcagaag 660 agcctctccc tgtctccggg taaaggtgga ggtggtggta agacaaatgc aaaatgtggc 720 actggatgtg caaaccgccg 740 305 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 305 Val Ala Leu His Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Glu Gly 20 306 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 306 Tyr Pro Glu Gln Gly Leu Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Thr Leu Ala 20 307 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 307 Gly Leu Asn Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Asp Ser Asn 20 308 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 308 Met Ile Thr Gln Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Pro Ser Gly 20 309 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 309 Ala Gly Ala Gln Glu His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Ala Pro 1 5 10 15 Asn Asp Trp Ile 20 310 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 310 Gly Val Asn Gln Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Arg Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Asn Gly Trp Glu 20 311 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 311 Leu Ala Asp His Gly Gln Cys Ile Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Glu Gly Trp Glu 20 312 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 312 Ile Leu Glu Gln Ala Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Gly Gly 20 313 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 313 Thr Gln Thr His Ala Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Trp Glu Gly 20 314 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 314 Val Val Thr Gln Gly His Cys Thr Leu Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Trp Arg 20 315 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 315 Ile Tyr Pro His Asp Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Pro Tyr Pro 20 316 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 316 Ser Tyr Trp Gln Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Trp Arg Gly 20 317 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 317 Met Trp Gln Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Gly 20 318 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 318 Glu Phe Thr Gln Trp His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Ser Gln 20 319 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 319 Leu Asp Asp Gln Trp Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Phe Ser 20 320 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 320 Tyr Gln Thr Gln Gly Leu Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Ser Gln Arg 20 321 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 321 Glu Ser Asn Gln Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Gly Trp 20 322 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 322 Trp Thr Asp Arg Gly Pro Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Asn Gly 20 323 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 323 Val Gly Thr Gln Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Tyr Glu Thr Gly 20 324 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 324 Pro Tyr Glu Gln Gly Lys Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Tyr Glu Val Glu 20 325 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 325 Ser Glu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Lys 20 326 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 326 Thr Phe Ser Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Gly 20 327 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 327 Pro Gly Ala His Asp His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Ser Arg Tyr 20 328 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 328 Val Ala Glu Glu Trp His Cys Arg Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Asp Trp Arg 20 329 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 329 Val Gly Thr Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Pro Ala Gly 20 330 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 330 Glu Glu Asp Gln Ala His Cys Arg Ser Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Val 20 331 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 331 Ala Asp Thr Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln His Trp Phe 20 332 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 332 Ser Gly Pro Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Ala Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Phe 20 333 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 333 Thr Leu Val Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Trp Val 20 334 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 334 Gly Met Ala His Gly Lys Cys Thr Arg Trp Ala Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Ser Trp Lys 20 335 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 335 Glu Leu Tyr His Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Ser Trp Ala 20 336 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 336 Val Ala Asp His Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Gly 20 337 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 337 Pro Glu Ser Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Gly 20 338 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 338 Ile Pro Ala His Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Trp Arg 20 339 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 339 Phe Thr Val His Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Trp Val 20 340 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 340 Pro Asp Phe Pro Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Arg Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Glu 20 341 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 341 Gln Leu Trp Gln Gly Pro Cys Thr Gln Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Lys Gly Arg Tyr 20 342 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 342 His Ala Asn Asp Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Gln Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Trp Gly Gly 20 343 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 343 Glu Thr Asp His Gly Leu Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Ala Arg 20 344 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 344 Gly Thr Trp Gln Gly Leu Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Gln 20 345 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 345 Val Ala Thr Gln Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Trp Gly 20 346 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 346 Val Ala Thr Gln Gly Gln Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Trp Gly 20 347 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 347 Gln Arg Glu Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Gly Gly His Leu Trp Cys Tyr Asp 1 5 10 15 Leu His Lys Ala 20 348 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 348 Ile Ser Ala Trp Tyr Ser Cys Tyr Ala Gly His Phe Trp Cys Trp Asp 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Gln Lys 20 349 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 349 Trp Thr Gly Trp Tyr Gln Cys Tyr Gly Gly His Leu Trp Cys Tyr Asp 1 5 10 15 Leu Arg Arg Lys 20 350 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 350 Lys Thr Phe Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Asp Gly His Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asn 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Ser Ser 20 351 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 351 Glu Ser Arg Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Glu Gly His Leu Trp Cys Phe Asp 1 5 10 15 Leu Thr Glu Thr 20 352 10 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 352 Cys Xaa Xaa Trp Xaa Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 353 10 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 353 Cys Xaa Xaa Trp Xaa Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 354 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 354 Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Cys Xaa Xaa Trp Xaa Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 20 355 20 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 355 Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Cys Xaa Xaa Trp Xaa Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 20 356 7 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 356 Trp Tyr Xaa Xaa Tyr Xaa Gly 1 5 357 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 357 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Ala Gly 20 358 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 358 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Ala Arg 20 359 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 359 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Pro Ser 20 360 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 360 Gly Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Leu Gln Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Ala Pro 20 361 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 361 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Ile Ser Asn Pro Pro 20 362 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 362 Arg Ile Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Gln Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Ile Ser Lys Ala Glu 20 363 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 363 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Gln Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Asn Ala Arg 20 364 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 364 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Thr Ser Asn Gly Thr 20 365 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 365 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Ala Gly 20 366 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 366 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Gly Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Ala Arg 20 367 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 367 Gln Met Glu Leu Leu Asp Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Lys Ser Gln Pro Ala 20 368 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 368 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Asp Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Asn Ala Arg 20 369 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 369 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu His Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Gln Ala Gly 20 370 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 370 Gln Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Gln Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Ala Ser 20 371 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 371 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Asp Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Met Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Thr Thr Gly Ala 20 372 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 372 Arg Ile Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Met Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ala Asn Ala Ser 20 373 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 373 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Gln Leu Leu Asn Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Arg Ala Arg 20 374 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 374 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Phe Asp Leu Leu Lys Glu Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Gly Val 20 375 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 375 Arg Ile Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Ile Gln Lys Ala Arg 20 376 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 376 Arg Met Glu Leu Leu Glu Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Met Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Asp Ser Ser 20 377 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 377 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Val Leu Gln Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Arg Ala Lys Gly Ala 20 378 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 378 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Asp Ser Leu Leu Gln Leu Leu Asn Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser His Ala Arg 20 379 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 379 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Asp Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Asn Ala Gly 20 380 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 380 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Gln Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Leu Lys Gly Met Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Ile Ser Lys Ala Gly 20 381 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 381 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Asn Ser Thr Ala Ala 20 382 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 382 Arg Met Glu Met Leu Gln Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Ile Ser Lys Ala Gly 20 383 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 383 Arg Ile Glu Met Leu Asp Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asn Glu Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Lys Ala Arg 20 384 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 384 Gln Val Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln Gly 20 385 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 385 Arg Met Glu Leu Leu Glu Ser Leu Phe Glu Leu Leu Lys Glu Met Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Arg Ser Lys Ala Val 20 386 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 386 Gln Ala Val Ser Leu Gln His Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln His 20 387 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 387 Asp Glu Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln Leu 20 388 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 388 Pro Val Ala Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Ile Trp Leu Asp Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Gln Gly Pro His Ala 20 389 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 389 Glu Val Asp Glu Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Asn Trp Leu Asp His Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Leu Gln 20 390 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 390 Asp Val Glu Ser Leu Glu Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp His Gln Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro His Gly 20 391 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 391 Gln Val Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Val Leu Leu Trp Leu Glu His Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Gly Pro Gln Val 20 392 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 392 Gly Asp Glu Ser Leu Gln His Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Glu Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Gly Pro His Gly 20 393 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 393 Gln Ile Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Asp Leu Leu Arg Asp Met Val 1 5 10 15 Pro Met Ser Asn Ala Phe 20 394 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 394 Glu Val Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln Ala 20 395 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 395 Glu Asp Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Ile Tyr Leu Asp Lys Met Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Ser Gly Pro Gln Val 20 396 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 396 Ala Met Asp Gln Leu His Gln Leu Leu Ile Trp Leu Asp His Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln Ala 20 397 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 397 Arg Ile Glu Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu Asp Glu Ile Ala 1 5 10 15 Leu Ile Pro Lys Ala Trp 20 398 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 398 Glu Val Val Ser Leu Gln His Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Glu His Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Asp Gly 20 399 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 399 Gly Gly Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Gln Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln Arg 20 400 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 400 Gly Val Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Ile Phe Leu Asp His Met Leu 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Gly Pro His Asp 20 401 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 401 Asn Val Glu Ser Leu Glu His Leu Met Met Trp Leu Glu Arg Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Tyr Ala 20 402 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 402 Gln Val Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Ile Trp Leu Asp His Gln Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Lys Arg 20 403 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 403 Glu Val Glu Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Glu His Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Gln Gly Pro Gln Gly 20 404 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 404 Glu Val Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro His Ala 20 405 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 405 Glu Val Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Gln Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln Lys 20 406 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 406 Gly Val Glu Gln Leu Pro Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Glu Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln Arg 20 407 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 407 Gly Glu Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Gln Gln Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ala Gly Pro Gln Val 20 408 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 408 Ala Asp Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Met Trp Leu Asp Arg Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro His Val 20 409 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 409 Pro Val Asp Ser Leu Gln Gln Leu Leu Ile Trp Leu Asp Gln Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Ala Ser Gly Pro Gln Gly 20 410 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 410 Asp Trp Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Asp Asn Leu Val 20 411 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 411 Gln Ser Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Asp Lys Gln Ala 20 412 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 412 Asp Gly Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Thr Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Gln Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Gln Lys Glu Ala 20 413 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 413 Leu Ala Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Glu Lys Val Val 20 414 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 414 Gly Ser Arg Asp Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Asp Met Gln Thr 20 415 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 415 Asp Ala Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Asp Ala 1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Asp Arg Met Val 20 416 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 416 Asn Asp Arg Ala Gln Leu Leu Arg Asp Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Asp Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Val Lys Ser Trp 20 417 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 417 Gly Val Arg Glu Thr Leu Leu Tyr Glu Leu Trp Tyr Leu Leu Lys Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Ala Asn Gln Gly 20 418 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 418 Gln Ala Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Cys Gln Leu Val Gly Cys 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Asp Lys Leu Ser 20 419 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 419 Gln Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Ala Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Gln Asn Met Arg 20 420 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 420 Ser Gly Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Gln Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Glu Tyr Arg Trp 20 421 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 421 Thr Met Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Leu Phe Val Asp Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Glu Met Gln Trp 20 422 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 422 Gly Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Asn Asp Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Asp Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Asp Asn Thr Gly 20 423 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 423 Asp Glu Arg Glu Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val His Gly 1 5 10 15 Trp Gly Asp Asn Val Ala 20 424 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 424 Gly Gly Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Leu Trp Gln Leu Leu Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Ala Asn Leu Val 20 425 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 425 Thr Ala Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Asn Glu Leu Val Gln Leu Val Lys Gly 1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Asp Lys Leu Val 20 426 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 426 Gly Met Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Gln Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Asp Asn Trp Met 20 427 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 427 Ser Thr Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Asn Asp Leu Trp Gln Leu Met Lys Gly 1 5 10 15 Trp Ala Glu Asp Arg Gly 20 428 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 428 Ser Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Leu Trp Gln Leu Val Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Trp Gly Asp Asn Phe Gly 20 429 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 429 Val Gly Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Gly Gln Ser Arg 20 430 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 430 Glu Ile Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Asp Glu 1 5 10 15 Trp Arg Glu Gln Pro Asn 20 431 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 431 Gln Leu Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Leu Gln Leu Val His Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Glu Thr Asp Ser 20 432 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 432 Thr Gln Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Ile Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Gly Lys His Val 20 433 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 433 His Tyr Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Asp Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Arg Glu Gln Gly Val 20 434 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 434 Gln Ser Arg Val Thr Leu Leu Arg Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Glu Ser 1 5 10 15 Tyr Arg Pro Ile Val Asn 20 435 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 435 Leu Ser Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Asn Glu Phe Trp Gln Phe Val Asp Gly 1 5 10 15 Gln Arg Asp Lys Arg Met 20 436 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 436 Trp Asp Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Asn Asp Phe Trp His Leu Met Glu Glu 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser Gln Lys Pro Gly 20 437 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 437 Gln Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Lys Glu Phe Trp Arg Met Val Glu Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Lys Asn Arg Gly 20 438 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 438 Asn Glu Arg Ala Thr Leu Leu Arg Glu Phe Trp Gln Leu Val Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Val Asn Gln Arg 20 439 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 439 His Gln Arg Asp Met Ser Met Leu Trp Glu Leu Leu Asp Val Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Arg Gln Tyr Ser 20 440 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 440 Thr Gln Arg Asp Met Ser Met Leu Asp Gly Leu Leu Glu Val Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Gln Leu Arg Gln Gln Arg 20 441 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 441 Thr Ser Arg Asp Met Ser Leu Leu Trp Glu Leu Leu Glu Glu Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Gly His Gln Arg 20 442 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 442 Met Gln His Asp Met Ser Met Leu Tyr Gly Leu Val Glu Leu Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Gly His Gln Ile 20 443 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 443 Trp Asn Arg Asp Met Arg Met Leu Glu Ser Leu Phe Glu Val Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Gly Leu Arg Gln Gln Val 20 444 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 444 Gly Tyr Arg Asp Met Ser Met Leu Glu Gly Leu Leu Ala Val Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Gly Pro Gln Leu 20 445 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 445 Thr Gln Arg Asp Met Ser Met Leu Glu Gly Leu Leu Glu Val Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Gly Gln Gln Arg 20 446 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 446 Trp Tyr Arg Asp Met Ser Met Leu Glu Gly Leu Leu Glu Val Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Gly Gln Gln Arg 20 447 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 447 Thr Gln Asn Ser Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Ser Asp Phe Met Met Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Met Ile Gln Gly 20 448 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 448 Met Gln Thr Ser Arg His Ile Leu Leu Ser Glu Phe Met Met Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Ile Met His Gly 20 449 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 449 His Asp Asn Ser Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Ser Asp Leu Leu His Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Gly Thr Met Ile Gln Gly 20 450 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 450 Met Glu Asn Ser Arg Gln Asn Leu Leu Arg Glu Leu Ile Met Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Gly Asn Met Ser His Gln 20 451 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 451 Gln Asp Thr Ser Arg His Met Leu Leu Arg Glu Phe Met Met Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Gly Glu Met Ile Gln Gly 20 452 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 452 Asp Gln Asn Ser Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Ser Asp Leu Met Ile Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Met Ile Gln Gly 20 453 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 453 Asn Val Phe Phe Gln Trp Val Gln Lys His Gly Arg Val Val Tyr Gln 1 5 10 15 Trp Leu Asp Ile Asn Val 20 454 22 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 454 Phe Asp Phe Leu Gln Trp Leu Gln Asn His Arg Ser Glu Val Glu His 1 5 10 15 Trp Leu Val Met Asp Val 20 455 11 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 455 Xaa Glu Met Leu Xaa Ser Leu Xaa Xaa Leu Leu 1 5 10 456 8 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 456 Leu Xaa Xaa Leu Leu Xaa Xaa Leu 1 5 457 9 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 457 Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 1 5 458 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 458 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 gctggt 66 459 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 459 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 gctcgt 66 460 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 460 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag atattgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 ccatct 66 461 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 461 ggtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tctttttgaa cttcttcaag aaattgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 gctcca 66 462 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 462 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag atattgttcc aatttctaat 60 ccacca 66 463 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 463 cgtattgaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttcaag aaattgttcc aatttctaaa 60 gctgaa 66 464 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 464 cgtatggaaa tgcttcaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag atattgttcc aatgtctaat 60 gctcgt 66 465 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 465 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aacttctaat 60 ggtact 66 466 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 466 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tctttttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 gctggt 66 467 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 467 cgtatggaaa tgcttggttc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 gctcgt 66 468 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 468 caaatggaac ttcttgattc tctttttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aaaatctcaa 60 ccagct 66 469 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 469 cgtatggaaa tgcttgattc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aatgtctaat 60 gctcgt 66 470 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 470 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttcatg aaattgttcc aatgtctcaa 60 gctggt 66 471 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 471 caaatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttcaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 gcttct 66 472 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 472 cgtatggaaa tgcttgattc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag atatggttcc aatgactact 60 ggtgct 66 473 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 473 cgtattgaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag atatggttcc aatggctaat 60 gcttct 66 474 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 474 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttcaa cttcttaatg aaattgttcc aatgtctcgt 60 gctcgt 66 475 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 475 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tctttttgat cttcttaaag aacttgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 ggtgtt 66 476 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 476 cgtattgaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag atattgttcc aattcaaaaa 60 gctcgt 66 477 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 477 cgtatggaac ttcttgaatc tctttttgaa cttcttaaag atatggttcc aatgtctgat 60 tcttct 66 478 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 478 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa gttcttcaag aaattgttcc acgtgctaaa 60 ggtgct 66 479 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 479 cgtatggaaa tgcttgattc tcttcttcaa cttcttaatg aaattgttcc aatgtctcat 60 gctcgt 66 480 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 480 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag atattgttcc aatgtctaat 60 gctggt 66 481 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 481 cgtatggaaa tgcttcaatc tctttttgaa cttcttaaag gtatggttcc aatttctaaa 60 gctggt 66 482 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 482 cgtatggaaa tgcttgaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aaattctact 60 gctgct 66 483 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 483 cgtatggaaa tgcttcaatc tcttcttgaa cttcttaaag aaattgttcc aatttctaaa 60 gctggt 66 484 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 484 cgtattgaaa tgcttgattc tcttcttgaa cttcttaatg aacttgttcc aatgtctaaa 60 gctcgt 66 485 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 485 gattggcgtg ctactcttct taaagaattt tggcaacttg ttgaaggtct tggtgataat 60 cttgtt 66 486 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 486 gatggtcgtg ctactcttct tactgaattt tggcaacttg ttcaaggtct tggtcaaaaa 60 gaagct 66 487 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 487 cttgctcgtg ctactcttct taaagaattt tggcaacttg ttgaaggtct tggtgaaaaa 60 gttgtt 66 488 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 488 ggttctcgtg atactcttct taaagaattt tggcaacttg ttgttggtct tggtgatatg 60 caaact 66 489 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 489 gatgctcgtg ctactcttct taaagaattt tggcaacttg ttgatgctta tggtgatcgt 60 atggtt 66 490 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 490 aatgatcgtg ctcaacttct tcgtgatttt tggcaacttg ttgatggtct tggtgttaaa 60 tcttgg 66 491 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 491 ggtgttcgtg aaactcttct ttatgaactt tggtatcttc ttaaaggtct tggtgctaat 60 caaggt 66 492 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 492 caagctcgtg ctactcttct taaagaattt tgtcaacttg ttggttgtca aggtgataaa 60 ctttct 66 493 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 493 caagaacgtg ctactcttct taaagaattt tggcaacttg ttgctggtct tggtcaaaat 60 atgcgt 66 494 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 494 tctggtcgtg ctactcttct taaagaattt tggcaacttg ttcaaggtct tggtgaatat 60 cgttgg 66 495 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 495 actatgcgtg ctactcttct taaagaattt tggctttttg ttgatggtca acgtgaaatg 60 caatgg 66 496 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 496 ggtgaacgtg ctactcttct taatgatttt tggcaacttg ttgatggtca aggtgataat 60 actggt 66 497 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 497 gatgaacgtg aaactcttct taaagaattt tggcaacttg ttcatggttg gggtgataat 60 gttgct 66 498 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 498 ggtggtcgtg ctactcttct taaagaactt tggcaacttc ttgaaggtca aggtgctaat 60 cttgtt 66 499 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 499 actgctcgtg ctactcttct taatgaactt gttcaacttg ttaaaggtta tggtgataaa 60 cttgtt 66 500 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 500 ggtatgcgtg ctactcttct tcaagaattt tggcaacttg ttggtggtca aggtgataat 60 tggatg 66 501 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 501 tctactcgtg ctactcttct taatgatctt tggcaactta tgaaaggttg ggctgaagat 60 cgtggt 66 502 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 502 tctgaacgtg ctactcttct taaagaactt tggcaacttg ttggtggttg gggtgataat 60 tttggt 66 503 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 503 gttggtcgtg ctactcttct taaagaattt tggcaacttg ttgaaggtct tgttggtcaa 60 tctcgt 66 504 62 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 504 Met Gly Ala Gln Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Glu Gly His Phe Trp Cys Tyr 1 5 10 15 Asp Leu Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser 20 25 30 Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Glu Gly His 35 40 45 Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asp Leu Leu Glu Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Xaa 50 55 60 505 129 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 505 tggtatccgt gttatgaggg tcacttctgg tgctacgatc tgggttctgg ttccactgct 60 tcttctggtt ccggttccgc tactggttgg tacccgtgct acgaaggtca cttttggtgt 120 tatgatctg 129 506 60 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 506 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Trp Tyr Pro Cys Tyr Glu Gly His 1 5 10 15 Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asp Leu Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Trp Tyr Pro Cys 35 40 45 Tyr Glu Gly His Phe Trp Cys Tyr Asp Leu Leu Glu 50 55 60 507 129 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 507 tggtatccgt gttatgaggg tcacttctgg tgctacgatc tgggttctgg ttccactgct 60 tcttctggtt ccggttccgc tactggttgg tacccgtgct acgaaggtca cttttggtgt 120 tatgatctg 129 508 62 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 508 Met Gly Ala Gln Ile Phe Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp Val Gln Cys Tyr 1 5 10 15 Gln Phe Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser 20 25 30 Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Ile Phe Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp 35 40 45 Val Gln Cys Tyr Gln Phe Leu Glu Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Xaa 50 55 60 509 129 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 509 atctttggct gtaaatggtg ggacgttcag tgctaccagt tcggttctgg ttccactgct 60 tcttctggtt ccggttccgc tactggtatc ttcggttgca agtggtggga tgtacagtgt 120 tatcagttt 129 510 60 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 510 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Ile Phe Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp 1 5 10 15 Val Gln Cys Tyr Gln Phe Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Ile Phe Gly Cys 35 40 45 Lys Trp Trp Asp Val Gln Cys Tyr Gln Phe Leu Glu 50 55 60 511 129 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 511 atctttggct gtaaatggtg ggacgttcag tgctaccagt tcggttctgg ttccactgct 60 tcttctggtt ccggttccgc tactggtatc ttcggttgca agtggtggga tgtacagtgt 120 tatcagttt 129 512 62 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 512 Met Gly Ala Gln Ile Phe Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp Val Asp Cys Tyr 1 5 10 15 Gln Phe Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser 20 25 30 Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Ile Phe Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp 35 40 45 Val Asp Cys Tyr Gln Phe Leu Glu Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Xaa 50 55 60 513 129 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 513 atctttggct gtaagtggtg ggacgttgac tgctaccagt tcggttctgg ttccactgct 60 tcttctggtt ccggttccgc tactggtatc ttcggttgca aatggtggga cgttgattgt 120 tatcagttt 129 514 60 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 514 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Ile Phe Gly Cys Lys Trp Trp Asp 1 5 10 15 Val Asp Cys Tyr Gln Phe Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly 20 25 30 Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Ile Phe Gly Cys 35 40 45 Lys Trp Trp Asp Val Asp Cys Tyr Gln Phe Leu Glu 50 55 60 515 129 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 515 atctttggct gtaagtggtg ggacgttgac tgctaccagt tcggttctgg ttccactgct 60 tcttctggtt ccggttccgc tactggtatc ttcggttgca aatggtggga cgttgattgt 120 tatcagttt 129 516 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 516 caggttgaat ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggacc agaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 cagggt 66 517 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 517 cgtatggaac tgctggaatc cctgttcgaa ctgctgaaag aaatggttcc gcgttccaaa 60 gctgtt 66 518 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 518 caggctgttt ccctgcagca cctgctgatg tggctggacc agaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 cagcac 66 519 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 519 gacgaagact ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggacc agaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 cagctg 66 520 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 520 ccggttgctt ccctgcagca gctgctgatc tggctggacc agaaactggc tcagggtccg 60 cacgct 66 521 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 521 gaagttgacg aactgcagca gctgctgaac tggctggacc acaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 ctgcag 66 522 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 522 gacgttgaat ccctggaaca gctgctgatg tggctggacc accagctggc ttccggtccg 60 cacggt 66 523 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 523 caggttgact ccctgcagca ggttctgctg tggctggaac acaaactggc tctgggtccg 60 caggtt 66 524 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 524 ggtgacgaat ccctgcagca cctgctgatg tggctggaac agaaactggc tctgggtccg 60 cacggt 66 525 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 525 cagatcgaaa tgctggaatc cctgctggac ctgctgcgtg acatggttcc gatgtccaac 60 gctttc 66 526 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 526 gaagttgact ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggacc agaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 caggct 66 527 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 527 gaagacgaat ccctgcagca gctgctgatc tacctggaca aaatgctgtc ctccggtccg 60 caggtt 66 528 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 528 gctatggacc agctgcacca gctgctgatc tggctggacc acaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 caggct 66 529 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 529 cgtatcgaaa tgctggaatc cctgctggaa ctgctggacg aaatcgctct gatcccgaaa 60 gcttgg 66 530 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 530 gaagttgttt ccctgcagca cctgctgatg tggctggaac acaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 gacggt 66 531 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 531 ggtggtgaat ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggacc agcagctggc ttccggtccg 60 cagcgt 66 532 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 532 ggtgttgaat ccctgcagca gctgctgatc ttcctggacc acatgctggt ttccggtccg 60 cacgac 66 533 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 533 aacgttgaat ccctggaaca cctgatgatg tggctggaac gtctgctggc ttccggtccg 60 tacgct 66 534 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 534 caggttgact ccctgcagca gctgctgatc tggctggacc accagctggc ttccggtccg 60 aaacgt 66 535 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 535 gaagttgaat ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggaac acaaactggc tcagggtccg 60 cagggt 66 536 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 536 gaagttgact ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggacc agaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 cacgct 66 537 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 537 gaagttgact ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggacc agcagctggc ttccggtccg 60 cagaaa 66 538 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 538 ggtgttgaac agctgccgca gctgctgatg tggctggaac agaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 cagcgt 66 539 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 539 ggtgaagact ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggacc agcagctggc tgctggtccg 60 caggtt 66 540 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 540 gctgacgact ccctgcagca gctgctgatg tggctggacc gtaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 cacgtt 66 541 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 541 ccggttgact ccctgcagca gctgctgatc tggctggacc agaaactggc ttccggtccg 60 cagggt 66 542 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 542 cagtcccgtg ctaccctgct gaaagaattc tggcagctgg ttgaaggtct gggtgacaaa 60 caggct 66 543 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 543 gaaatccgtg ctaccctgct gaaagaattc tggcagctgg ttgacgaatg gcgtgaacag 60 ccgaac 66 544 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 544 cagctgcgtg ctaccctgct gaaagaattc ctgcagctgg ttcacggtct gggtgaaacc 60 gactcc 66 545 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 545 acccagcgtg ctaccctgct gaaagaattc tggcagctga tcgaaggtct gggtggtaaa 60 cacgtt 66 546 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 546 cactaccgtg ctaccctgct gaaagaattc tggcagctgg ttgacggtct gcgtgaacag 60 ggtgtt 66 547 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 547 cagtcccgtg ttaccctgct gcgtgaattc tggcagctgg ttgaatccta ccgtccgatc 60 gttaac 66 548 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 548 ctgtcccgtg ctaccctgct gaacgaattc tggcagttcg ttgacggtca gcgtgacaaa 60 cgtatg 66 549 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 549 tgggaccgtg ctaccctgct gaacgacttc tggcacctga tggaagaact gtcccagaaa 60 ccgggt 66 550 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 550 caggaacgtg ctaccctgct gaaagaattc tggcgtatgg ttgaaggtct gggtaaaaac 60 cgtggt 66 551 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 551 aacgaacgtg ctaccctgct gcgtgaattc tggcagctgg ttggtggtta cggtgttaac 60 cagcgt 66 552 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 552 cagcgtgaat ggtacccgtg ctacggtggt cacctgtggt gctacgacct gcacaaagct 60 553 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 553 atctccgctt ggtactcctg ctacgctggt cacttctggt gctgggacct gaaacagaaa 60 554 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 554 tggaccggtt ggtaccagtg ctacggtggt cacctgtggt gctacgacct gcgtcgtaaa 60 555 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 555 aaaaccttct ggtacccgtg ctacgacggt cacttctggt gctacaacct gaaatcctcc 60 556 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 556 gaatcccgtt ggtacccgtg ctacgaaggt cacctgtggt gcttcgacct gaccgaaacc 60 557 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 557 aatgtttttt ttcaatgggt tcaaaaacat ggtcgtgttg tttatcaatg gcttgatatt 60 aatgtt 66 558 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 558 tttgattttc ttcaatggct tcaaaatcat cgttctgaag ttgaacattg gcttgttatg 60 gatgtt 66 559 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 559 catcaacgtg atatgtctat gctttgggaa cttcttgatg ttcttgatgg tcttcgtcaa 60 tattct 66 560 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 560 actcaacgtg atatgtctat gcttgatggt cttcttgaag ttcttgatca acttcgtcaa 60 caacgt 66 561 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 561 acctcccgtg acatgtccct gctgtgggaa ctgctggaag aactggaccg tctgggtcac 60 cagcgt 66 562 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 562 atgcaacatg atatgtctat gctttatggt cttgttgaac ttcttgaatc tcttggtcat 60 caaatt 66 563 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 563 tggaatcgtg atatgcgtat gcttgaatct ctttttgaag ttcttgatgg tcttcgtcaa 60 caagtt 66 564 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 564 ggttatcgtg atatgtctat gcttgaaggt cttcttgctg ttcttgatcg tcttggtcca 60 caactt 66 565 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 565 actcaacgtg atatgtctat gcttgaaggt cttcttgaag ttcttgatcg tcttggtcaa 60 caacgt 66 566 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 566 tggtaccgtg acatgtccat gctggaaggt ctgctggaag ttctggaccg tctgggtcag 60 cagcgt 66 567 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 567 actcaaaatt ctcgtcaaat gcttctttct gattttatga tgcttgttgg ttctatgatt 60 caaggt 66 568 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 568 atgcaaactt ctcgtcatat tcttctttct gaatttatga tgcttgttgg ttctattatg 60 catggt 66 569 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 569 cacgacaact cccgtcagat gctgctgtcc gacctgctgc acctggttgg taccatgatc 60 cagggt 66 570 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 570 atggaaaact cccgtcagaa cctgctgcgt gaactgatca tgctggttgg taacatgtcc 60 caccag 66 571 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 571 caggacacct cccgtcacat gctgctgcgt gaattcatga tgctggttgg tgaaatgatc 60 cagggt 66 572 66 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 572 gaccagaact cccgtcagat gctgctgtcc gacctgatga tcctggttgg ttccatgatc 60 cagggt 66 573 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 573 gttgctcttc atggtcaatg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca acgtgaaggt 60 574 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 574 tatccagaac aaggtctttg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aactcttgct 60 575 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 575 ggtctgaacc agggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca ggactccaac 60 576 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 576 atgattactc aaggtcaatg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca accatctggt 60 577 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 577 gctggtgctc aggaacactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcgctccgaa cgactggatc 60 578 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 578 ggtgttaacc agggtcagtg cacccgttgg cgttggatgt gcccgccgaa cggttgggaa 60 579 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 579 ctggctgacc acggtcagtg catccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgga aggttgggaa 60 580 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 580 atcctggaac aggctcagtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gcgtggtggt 60 581 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 581 actcaaactc atgctcaatg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca atgggaaggt 60 582 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 582 gttgttactc aaggtcattg tactctttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca acgttggcgt 60 583 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 583 atttatccac atgatcaatg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca accatatcca 60 584 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 584 tcttattggc aaggtcaatg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca atggcgtggt 60 585 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 585 atgtggcaac aaggtcattg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggttggggt 60 586 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 586 gaattcaccc agtggcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gcgttcccag 60 587 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 587 ctggacgacc agtggcagtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gggtttctcc 60 588 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 588 tatcaaactc aaggtctttg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca atctcaacgt 60 589 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 589 gaatctaatc aaggtcaatg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggtggttgg 60 590 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 590 tggaccgacc gtggtccgtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca ggctaacggt 60 591 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 591 gttggtaccc agggtcagtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgta cgaaaccggt 60 592 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 592 ccgtacgaac agggtaaatg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgta cgaagttgaa 60 593 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 593 tccgaatacc agggtctgtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gggttggaaa 60 594 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 594 accttctccc agggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gggttggggt 60 595 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 595 ccgggtgctc acgaccactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gtcccgttac 60 596 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 596 gttgctgaag aatggcactg ccgtcgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca ggactggcgt 60 597 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 597 gttggtaccc agggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gccggctggt 60 598 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 598 gaagaagacc aggctcactg ccgttcctgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gggttgggtt 60 599 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 599 gctgacaccc agggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gcactggttc 60 600 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 600 tccggtccgc agggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcgctccgca gggttggttc 60 601 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 601 accctggttc agggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gcgttgggtt 60 602 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 602 ggtatggctc acggtaaatg cacccgttgg gcttggatgt gcccgccgca gtcctggaaa 60 603 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 603 gaactgtacc acggtcagtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gtcctgggct 60 604 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 604 gttgctgacc acggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gggttggggt 60 605 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 605 ccggaatccc agggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gggttggggt 60 606 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 606 atcccggctc acggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gcgttggcgt 60 607 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 607 ttcaccgttc acggtcactg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgta cggttgggtt 60 608 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 608 ccagattttc caggtcattg tactcgttgg cgttggatgt gtccaccaca aggttgggaa 60 609 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 609 cagctgtggc agggtccgtg cacccagtgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgaa aggtcgttac 60 610 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 610 cacgctaacg acggtcactg cacccgttgg cagtggatgt gcccgccgca gtggggtggt 60 611 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 611 gaaaccgacc acggtctgtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgta cggtgctcgt 60 612 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 612 ggtacctggc agggtctgtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gggttggcag 60 613 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 613 gttgctaccc agggtcagtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gggttggggt 60 614 60 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 614 gttgctaccc agggtcagtg cacccgttgg ccgtggatgt gcccgccgca gcgttggggt 60 615 74 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 615 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Leu Ala Asp His Gly Gln Cys Ile 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Glu Gly Trp Glu Leu Glu Gly Ser 20 25 30 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 35 40 45 Ser Ala Thr Gly Leu Ala Asp His Gly Gln Cys Ile Arg Trp Pro Trp 50 55 60 Met Cys Pro Pro Glu Gly Trp Glu Leu Glu 65 70 616 198 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 616 cttgctgatc atggtcaatg tattcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaga aggttgggaa 60 ctcgagggtt ccggttccgc taccggcggc tctggctcca ctgcttcttc cggttccggt 120 tctgctactg gtctggctga ccacggtcag tgcatccgtt ggccgtggat gtgcccgccg 180 gaaggttggg aactggaa 198 617 70 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 617 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Leu Ala Asp His Gly Gln Cys Ile 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Glu Gly Trp Glu Gly Ser Gly Ser 20 25 30 Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala 35 40 45 Thr Gly Leu Ala Asp His Gly Gln Cys Ile Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys 50 55 60 Pro Pro Glu Gly Trp Glu 65 70 618 186 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 618 cttgctgatc atggtcaatg tattcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaga aggttgggaa 60 ggttccggtt ccgctaccgg cggctctggc ggtggcgctt cttccggttc cggttctgct 120 actggtctgg ctgaccacgg tcagtgcatc cgttggccgt ggatgtgtcc accagaaggt 180 tgggaa 186 619 74 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 619 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Ser Glu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Lys Leu Glu Gly Ser 20 25 30 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 35 40 45 Ser Ala Thr Gly Ser Glu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp 50 55 60 Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Lys Leu Glu 65 70 620 198 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 620 tctgaatatc aaggtctttg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggttggaaa 60 ctcgagggtt ccggttccgc taccggcggc tctggctcca ctgcttcttc cggttccggt 120 tctgctactg gttctgagta tcaaggcctc tgtactcgct ggccatggat gtgtccacca 180 caaggctgga agctggaa 198 621 70 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 621 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Ser Glu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Lys Gly Ser Gly Ser 20 25 30 Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala 35 40 45 Thr Gly Ser Glu Tyr Gln Gly Leu Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys 50 55 60 Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Lys 65 70 622 186 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 622 tctgaatatc aaggtctttg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggttggaaa 60 ggttccggtt ccgctaccgg cggctctggc ggtggcgctt cttccggttc cggttctgct 120 actggttctg agtatcaagg cctctgtact cgctggccat ggatgtgtcc accacaaggt 180 tggaaa 186 623 74 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 623 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Thr Phe Ser Gln Gly His Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly Leu Glu Gly Ser 20 25 30 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 35 40 45 Ser Ala Thr Gly Thr Phe Ser Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp 50 55 60 Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly Leu Glu 65 70 624 198 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 624 actttttctc aaggtcattg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggttggggt 60 ctcgagggtt ccggttccgc taccggcggc tctggctcca ctgcttcttc cggttccggt 120 tctgctactg gtactttttc tcaaggccat tgtactcgct ggccatggat gtgtccacca 180 caaggctggg gcctggaa 198 625 74 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 625 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Val Ala Asp His Gly His Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly Leu Glu Gly Ser 20 25 30 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 35 40 45 Ser Ala Thr Gly Val Ala Asp His Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp 50 55 60 Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly Leu Glu 65 70 626 198 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 626 gttgctgatc atggtcattg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggttggggt 60 ctcgagggtt ccggttccgc aaccggcggc tctggctcca ctgcttcttc cggttccggt 120 tctgctactg gtgttgctga ccacggtcac tgcacccgtt ggccgtggat gtgcccgccg 180 cagggttggg gtctggaa 198 627 70 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 627 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Val Ala Asp His Gly His Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser 20 25 30 Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala 35 40 45 Thr Gly Val Ala Asp His Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Val Cys 50 55 60 Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly 65 70 628 186 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 628 gttgctgatc atggtcattg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggttggggt 60 ggttccggtt ccgctaccgg cggctctggc ggtggtgctt cttccggttc cggttctgct 120 actggtgttg ctgaccacgg tcactgcacc cgttggccgt gggtgtgtcc accacaaggt 180 tggggt 186 629 74 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 629 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Pro Glu Ser Gln Gly His Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly Leu Glu Gly Ser 20 25 30 Gly Ser Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser Thr Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly 35 40 45 Ser Ala Thr Gly Pro Glu Ser Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp 50 55 60 Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly Leu Glu 65 70 630 198 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 630 ccagaatctc aaggtcattg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggttggggt 60 ctcgagggtt ccggttccgc taccggcggc tctggctcca ctgcttcttc cggttccggt 120 tctgctactg gtccggaatc ccagggtcac tgcacccgtt ggccgtggat gtgcccgccg 180 cagggttggg gtctggaa 198 631 70 PRT Artificial Sequence Peptibody 631 Xaa Gly Gly Gly Gly Gly Ala Gln Pro Glu Ser Gln Gly His Cys Thr 1 5 10 15 Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly Gly Ser Gly Ser 20 25 30 Ala Thr Gly Gly Ser Gly Gly Gly Ala Ser Ser Gly Ser Gly Ser Ala 35 40 45 Thr Gly Pro Glu Ser Gln Gly His Cys Thr Arg Trp Pro Trp Met Cys 50 55 60 Pro Pro Gln Gly Trp Gly 65 70 632 186 DNA Artificial Sequence Nucleotide sequence encoding Myostatin Binding Peptide 632 ccagaatctc aaggtcattg tactcgttgg ccatggatgt gtccaccaca aggttggggt 60 ggttccggtt ccgctaccgg cggctctggc ggtggtgctt cttccggttc cggttctgct 120 actggtccgg aatcccaggg tcactgcacc cgttggccgt ggatgtgtcc accacaaggt 180 tggggt 186 633 5 PRT Artificial Sequence Myostatin Binding Peptide 633 Trp Met Cys Pro Pro 1 5 634 90 DNA Artificial Sequence Randomly generated nucleotide sequence 634 cacagtgcac agggtnnknn knnkcakggk caktgkackc gktgkccktg katktgkcck 60 ccktaknnkn nknnkcattc tctcgagatc 90 

What is claimed is:
 1. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 633), and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 2. The binding agent of claim 1, wherein the peptide is between 5 and 50 amino acids in length.
 3. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence Ca₁a₂Wa₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 352), wherein a₁, a₂ and a₃ are selected from a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid, and wherein the peptide is between 10 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 4. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence Cb₁b₂Wb₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 353), wherein b₁ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R; b₂ is selected from any one of R, S, Q; b₃ is selected from any one of P, R and Q, and wherein the peptide is beween 10 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 5. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence c₁c₂c₃c₄c₅c₆Cc₇c₈Wc₉ WMCPPc₁₀c₁₁c₁₂c₁₃ (SEQ ID NO: 354), wherein: c₁ is absent or any amino acid; c₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; c₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; c₄ is absent or any amino acid; c₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; c₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid; c₇ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid; c₈ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid; c₉ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar or basic amino acid; and c₁₀ to c₁₃ is any amino acid; and wherein the peptide is between 20 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 6. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence d₁d₂d₃d₄d₅d₆Cd₇d₈Wd₉ WMCPPd₁₀d₁₁d₁₂d₁₃   (SEQ ID NO: 355), wherein d₁ is absent or any amino acid; d₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; d₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; d₄ is absent or any amino acid; d₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; d₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid; d₇ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R; d₈ is selected from any one of R, S, Q; d₉ is selected from any one of P, R and Q, and d₁₀ to d₁₃ is selected from any amino acid, and wherein the peptide is between 20 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 7. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence WYe₁e₂Ye₃G, (SEQ ID NO: 356) wherein e₁ is P, S or Y, e₂ is C or Q, and e₃ is G or H, and wherein the peptide is between 7 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 8. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence f₁EMLf₂SLf₃f₄LL, (SEQ ID NO: 455), wherein f₁ is M or I, f₂ is any amino acid, f₃ is L or F, f₄ is E, Q or D; and wherein the peptide is between 7 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 9. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence Lg₁g₂LLg₃g₄L, (SEQ ID NO: 456), wherein g₁ is Q, D or E, g₂ is S, Q, D or E, g₃ is any amino acid, g₄ is L, W, F, or Y, and wherein the peptide is between 8 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 10. A binding agent comprising at least one peptide capable of binding myostatin, wherein the peptide comprises the sequence h₁h₂h₃h₄h₅h₆h₇h₈h₉ (SEQ ID NO: 457), wherein h₁ is R or D, h₂ is any amino acid, h₃ is A, T S or Q, h₄ is L or M, h₅ is L or S, h₆ is any amino acid, h₇ is F or E, h₈ is W, F or C, h₉ is L, F, M or K, and wherein the peptide is between 9 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 11. A binding agent wherein said agent has the structure: (X¹)_(a)—F¹—(X²)_(b), or multimers thereof; wherein F¹ is a vehicle; and X¹ and X² are each independently selected from -(L¹)_(c)-P¹; -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²; -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³; and -(L)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³-(L⁴)f-P⁴; wherein P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ are peptides capable of binding myostatin, and each independently comprise the amino acid sequence WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 633); wherein L¹, L², L³, and L⁴ are each linkers; and a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently 0 or 1, provided that at least one of a and b is 1, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 12. The binding agent of claim 11 wherein one or more of the myostatin binding peptides comprise the amino acid sequence Ca₁a₂Wa₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 352), wherein a₁, a₂ and a₃ are selected from a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid, and wherein the peptide is between 10 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 13. The binding agent of claim 11, wherein one or more of the myostatin binding peptides each independently comprise the amino acid sequence Cb₁b₂Wb₃ WMCPP (SEQ ID NO: 353), wherein b₁ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R; b₂ is selected from any one of R, S, Q; b₃ is selected from any one of P, R and Q, and wherein the peptide is beween 10 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 14. The binding agent of claim 11, wherein one or more of the myostatin binding peptides each independently comprise the sequence c₁c₂c₃c₄c₅c₆Cc₇c₈Wc₉ WMCPPc₁₀c₁₁c₁₂c₁₃ (SEQ ID NO: 354), wherein: c₁ is absent or any amino acid; c₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; c₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; c₄ is absent or any amino acid; c₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; c₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid; c₇ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid; c₈ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid; c₉ is a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar or basic amino acid; and c₁₀ to c₁₃ is any amino acid; and wherein the peptide is between 20 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 15. The binding agent of claim 11, wherein one or more of the myostatin binding peptides each independently comprise the sequence d₁d₂d₃d₄d₅d₆Cd₇d₈Wd₉ WMCPPd₁₀d₁₁d₁₂d₁₃ (SEQ ID NO: 355), wherein d₁ is absent or any amino acid; d₂ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; d₃ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; d₄ is absent or any amino acid; d₅ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or acidic amino acid; d₆ is absent or a neutral hydrophobic, neutral polar, or basic amino acid; d₇ is selected from any one of the amino acids T, I, or R; d₈ is selected from any one of R, S, Q; d₉ is selected from any one of P, R and Q, and d₁₀ to d₁₃ is selected from any amino acid, and wherein the peptide is between 20 and 50 amino acids in length, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 16. A binding agent wherein said agent has the structure: (X¹)_(a)—F¹—(X²)_(b), or multimers thereof; wherein F¹ is a vehicle; and X¹ and X² are each independently selected from -(L¹)_(c)-P¹; -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²; -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³; and -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³-(L⁴)_(f)-P⁴; wherein P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ are peptides capable of binding myostatin, and wherein one or more of P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ each independently are selected from the group consisting of: (a) a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence WYe₁e₂Ye₃G, (SEQ ID NO: 356), wherein e₁ is P, S or Y, e₂ is C or Q, and e₃ is G or H; (b) a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence f₁EMLf₂SLf₃f₄LL, (SEQ ID NO: 455), wherein f₁ is M or I, f₂ is any amino acid, f₃ is L or F, and f₄ is E, Q or D; (c) a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence Lg₁g₂LLg₃g₄L, (SEQ ID NO: 456), wherein g₁ is Q, D or E, g₂ is S, Q, D or E, g₃ is any amino acid, and g₄ is L, W, F, or Y; and (d) a peptide comprising the amino acid sequence h₁h₂h₃h₄h₅h₆h₇h₈h₉ (SEQ ID NO: 457), wherein h₁ is R or D, h₂ is any amino acid, h₃ is A, T S or Q, h₄ is L or M, h₅ is L or S, h₆ is any amino acid, h₇ is F or E, h₈ is W, F or C, and h₉ is L, F, M or K; wherein the peptide is between 9 and 50 amino acids in length, wherein L¹, L², L³, and L⁴ are each linkers; and a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently 0 or 1, provided that at least one of a and b is 1, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 17. A binding agent wherein said agent has the structure: (X¹)_(a)—F¹—(X²)_(b), or multimers thereof; wherein F¹ is a vehicle; and X¹ and X² are each independently selected from -(L¹)_(c)-P¹; -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²; -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³; and -(L¹)_(c)-P¹-(L²)_(d)-P²-(L³)_(e)-P³-(L⁴)_(f)-P⁴; wherein P¹, P², P³, and P⁴ are peptides capable of binding myostatin, and are independently selected from SEQ ID NO: 305 through 351 and SEQ ID NO: 357 through 454; wherein L¹, L², L³, and L⁴ are each linkers; and a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently 0 or 1, provided that at least one of a and b is 1, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof.
 18. The binding agent of any one of claims 11 through 17, wherein the vehicle is an Fc domain.
 19. A polynucleotide sequence encoding the binding agent of claim
 18. 20. An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim
 19. 21. A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim
 20. 22. The host cell of claim 21, wherein the cell is a procaryotic cell.
 23. The host cell of claim 21, wherein the cell is a eucaryotic cell.
 24. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of the binding agent of any one of claims 1 or 11 in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier thereof.
 25. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 24, wherein the vehicle is an Fc domain.
 26. A method of inhibiting myostatin activity in a subject comprising administering an effective amount of the binding agent of any one of claims 1, 3 or 11 to the subject.
 27. A method of increasing lean muscle mass in a subject comprising administering the composition of claim 24 to the subject.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the subject is a food animal.
 29. A method of increasing the ratio of lean muscle mass to fat in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 24 to the subject.
 30. A method of treating a muscle-wasting disease in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 24 to the subject.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the disease is selected from muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, cancer, AIDs, renal failure, uremia, rheumatoid arthritis, age-related sarcopenia, and muscle-wasting due to prolonged bedrest, spinal chord injury, stroke, bone fracture, and aging.
 32. A method of treating a myostatin-related metabolic disorder in a subject comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 24 to the subject.
 33. The method of claim 32 wherein the metabolic disorder is selected from diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, and bone loss.
 34. A method of detecting myostatin in a sample comprising contacting the sample with a binding agent of claims 1 or 11, and detecting the bound complex.
 35. A method of measuring myostatin in a sample comprising contacting the sample with a binding agent of claims 1 or 11, and measuring the bound complex.
 36. A method of diagnosing a myostatin related disorder in a subject comprising contacting a sample taken from the subject with a binding agent of claims 1 or 11, and detecting the bound complex. 